Bio 235 Midterm 1 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027

Bio 235 Midterm 1 | Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: metabolism
Answer: sum of al chemical processes


Question: catabolism
Answer: that break down molecules, releasing energy.


Question: anabolism
Answer: the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.


Question: 3 things that effect growth in the body size
Answer: 1. increase in the size of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells


Question: differentiation
Answer: unspecialized cells becomes specialized


Question: reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2)
Answer: 1. tissue growth, repair or replacement
2. production of a new individual


Question: fluid within the cells
Answer: intracellular fluid


Question: fluid outside the cells
Answer: extracellular fluid


Question: ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues
Answer: interstitial fluid


Question: what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop
Answer: controlled condition


Question: what is the stimulus
Answer: any disruption that changes a controlled condition

,Question: what's the receptor
Answer: body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled condition and sends inputs


Question: what is an afferent pathway-input
Answer: flows towards the control center (nerve impulse or chemical signal)


Question: what is the control center
Answer: sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained;
evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands when
they are needed


Question: efferent pathway
Answer: flow away from control center to effector


Question: effector
Answer: body structure receiving output and brings about change and produces a response
that
alters the controlled condition


Question: negative feedback system
Answer: reverses a change in a controlled condition


Question: positive feedback loop
Answer: strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled condition until its interrupted-
effector produces a response that reinforces the initial change-child birth


Question: disorder
Answer: abnormality of a structure or function


Question: disease
Answer: illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms


Question: symptom
Answer: subjective changes not visible to the observer


Question: sign
Answer: objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)


Question: prone
Answer: body is lying face down

,Question: supine
Answer: body is lying face up


Question: ipsilateral
Answer: same side


Question: contralateral
Answer: different sides


Question: superficial
Answer: towards the surface of the skin


Question: deep
Answer: away from surface of the skin


Question: sagittal plane
Answer: divides the body into left and right


Question: Midsagittal (median) plane
Answer: divides into equal left and right sides


Question: parasagittal plane
Answer: unequal sides left and right


Question: fronta (coronal plane)
Answer: divides front and back (anterior/posterior)


Question: transverse plane
Answer: superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal plane cross-sectional)


Question: oblique plane
Answer: anything but 90 degrees


Question: cranial cavity
Answer: contains head


Question: Vertebral (spine) cavity
Answer: contains spinal cord and vertebral column-continuous of the cranial cavity

, Question: Meninges
Answer: layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal cord


Question: thoracic cavity
Answer: chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a thoracic portion of the vertebral
column


Question: pericardial cavity
Answer: surrounds the heart


Question: pleura cavity
Answer: surrounds lungs


Question: visceral layer of cavity
Answer: inner layer


Question: parietal layer of cavity
Answer: outer layer


Question: mediastinum cavity
Answer: between the lugs extending from the sternum to the vertebral column and first rib
down
to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and BV's but not the lungs


Question: diaphragm
Answer: dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity


Question: abdominopelvic cavity
Answer: from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large
intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the
reproductive system


Question: viscera
Answer: organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities


Question: major elements of body mass
Answer: nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen