Test Bank For
Pathophysiology 8th
Edition by Jacquelyn L.
Banasik Complete
Chapter Exam
Questions and
Answers 2026 with
Rationale
1. Which term describes the study of functional changes associated
with disease?
A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Pathophysiology
D. Epidemiology
,Answer: C. Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines altered normal body functions
that occur with disease.
2. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to:
A. Eliminate all microorganisms
B. Maintain a relatively stable internal environment
C. Prevent cellular reproduction
D. Increase metabolic activity continuously
Answer: B. Maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains physiological variables within
ranges compatible with life.
3. Which component of a feedback system detects a change in a
regulated variable?
A. Effector
B. Control center
C. Receptor
D. Stimulus
Answer: C. Receptor
Rationale: Receptors detect changes and transmit information to the
control center.
4. Most physiological regulatory mechanisms use:
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Irreversible feedback
D. Random feedback
Answer: B. Negative feedback
Rationale: Negative feedback counteracts a deviation and helps
restore the regulated variable.
5. Which is an example of positive feedback?
A. Regulation of body temperature
,B. Blood glucose regulation
C. Childbirth contractions
D. Blood pressure regulation
Answer: C. Childbirth contractions
Rationale: Oxytocin intensifies uterine contractions until delivery,
amplifying the initial stimulus.
6. Cellular adaptation generally occurs in response to:
A. Persistent stress
B. Complete cellular destruction
C. Immediate genetic death
D. Absence of environmental influences
Answer: A. Persistent stress
Rationale: Cells adapt to sustained physiological or pathological
stress to maintain viability.
7. An increase in cell size is called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is enlargement of individual cells.
8. An increase in the number of cells is called:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cell proliferation.
9. Reduction in the size of cells or tissue is called:
A. Atrophy
, B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: A. Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy involves decreased cellular size and often reduced
tissue mass.
10. Replacement of one mature cell type with another mature cell
type is:
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Answer: B. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a potentially reversible adaptive substitution
of one differentiated cell type for another.
11. Dysplasia is characterized by:
A. Normal cellular organization
B. Abnormal cellular growth and organization
C. Complete tissue regeneration
D. Reduced cellular metabolism only
Answer: B. Abnormal cellular growth and organization
Rationale: Dysplasia involves atypical cellular growth, maturation,
and organization.
12. Which form of cell death is generally programmed and energy
dependent?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Ischemia
D. Infarction
Pathophysiology 8th
Edition by Jacquelyn L.
Banasik Complete
Chapter Exam
Questions and
Answers 2026 with
Rationale
1. Which term describes the study of functional changes associated
with disease?
A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Pathophysiology
D. Epidemiology
,Answer: C. Pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology examines altered normal body functions
that occur with disease.
2. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to:
A. Eliminate all microorganisms
B. Maintain a relatively stable internal environment
C. Prevent cellular reproduction
D. Increase metabolic activity continuously
Answer: B. Maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains physiological variables within
ranges compatible with life.
3. Which component of a feedback system detects a change in a
regulated variable?
A. Effector
B. Control center
C. Receptor
D. Stimulus
Answer: C. Receptor
Rationale: Receptors detect changes and transmit information to the
control center.
4. Most physiological regulatory mechanisms use:
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Irreversible feedback
D. Random feedback
Answer: B. Negative feedback
Rationale: Negative feedback counteracts a deviation and helps
restore the regulated variable.
5. Which is an example of positive feedback?
A. Regulation of body temperature
,B. Blood glucose regulation
C. Childbirth contractions
D. Blood pressure regulation
Answer: C. Childbirth contractions
Rationale: Oxytocin intensifies uterine contractions until delivery,
amplifying the initial stimulus.
6. Cellular adaptation generally occurs in response to:
A. Persistent stress
B. Complete cellular destruction
C. Immediate genetic death
D. Absence of environmental influences
Answer: A. Persistent stress
Rationale: Cells adapt to sustained physiological or pathological
stress to maintain viability.
7. An increase in cell size is called:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is enlargement of individual cells.
8. An increase in the number of cells is called:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C. Hyperplasia
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cell proliferation.
9. Reduction in the size of cells or tissue is called:
A. Atrophy
, B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Answer: A. Atrophy
Rationale: Atrophy involves decreased cellular size and often reduced
tissue mass.
10. Replacement of one mature cell type with another mature cell
type is:
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Answer: B. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is a potentially reversible adaptive substitution
of one differentiated cell type for another.
11. Dysplasia is characterized by:
A. Normal cellular organization
B. Abnormal cellular growth and organization
C. Complete tissue regeneration
D. Reduced cellular metabolism only
Answer: B. Abnormal cellular growth and organization
Rationale: Dysplasia involves atypical cellular growth, maturation,
and organization.
12. Which form of cell death is generally programmed and energy
dependent?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Ischemia
D. Infarction
