TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team studying a traditional medicinal plant discovers that a
crude extract reduces fever in laboratory animals. What is the most
appropriate next step in a conventional natural-product drug-discovery
pathway?
A. Begin phase III clinical trials with the crude extract
B. Isolate and identify the constituent(s) responsible for the biological
,activity
C. Convert the entire extract into a monoclonal antibody
D. Immediately determine the maximum tolerated dose in humans
Correct Answer:
B. Isolate and identify the constituent(s) responsible for the biological
activity
Rationale:
B is correct because natural-product discovery commonly begins with
identifying the biologically active chemical constituent(s) within a plant
or other natural source. Isolation and structural characterization allow
investigators to determine what molecule is responsible for the
observed effect and provide a defined starting point for optimization.
A is incorrect because clinical trials require substantial preclinical
characterization, including identification and characterization of the
active substance.
C is incorrect because converting a plant extract into a monoclonal
antibody is unrelated to identifying the small molecule responsible for
the activity.
D is incorrect because human dose selection follows extensive
preclinical pharmacology and toxicology rather than preceding
identification of the active compound.
Question 2
Which historical observation best illustrates how medicinal plants can
serve as starting points for modern drug discovery?
, A. Isolation of morphine from opium
B. Development of insulin by recombinant DNA technology
C. Discovery of monoclonal antibodies through hybridoma technology
D. Development of gene-editing systems
Correct Answer:
A. Isolation of morphine from opium
Rationale:
A is correct because morphine was isolated from opium and became an
important example of converting a natural medicinal source into a
chemically defined therapeutic agent. Isolation of active constituents
transformed empirical medicinal use into more precise pharmacological
investigation.
B is incorrect because recombinant insulin emerged from biotechnology
rather than isolation of a plant-derived constituent.
C is incorrect because monoclonal antibodies are biotechnology-derived
therapeutics rather than traditional medicinal-plant discoveries.
D is incorrect because gene editing represents a modern molecular
technology, not classical natural-product isolation.
Question 3
Why is isolation of a pure active compound from a medicinal plant often
advantageous over using the original crude extract?
A. The purified compound eliminates all possible adverse effects
B. The purified compound permits reproducible dosing and more
precise pharmacological characterization
C. Crude extracts always contain only one pharmacologically active
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team studying a traditional medicinal plant discovers that a
crude extract reduces fever in laboratory animals. What is the most
appropriate next step in a conventional natural-product drug-discovery
pathway?
A. Begin phase III clinical trials with the crude extract
B. Isolate and identify the constituent(s) responsible for the biological
,activity
C. Convert the entire extract into a monoclonal antibody
D. Immediately determine the maximum tolerated dose in humans
Correct Answer:
B. Isolate and identify the constituent(s) responsible for the biological
activity
Rationale:
B is correct because natural-product discovery commonly begins with
identifying the biologically active chemical constituent(s) within a plant
or other natural source. Isolation and structural characterization allow
investigators to determine what molecule is responsible for the
observed effect and provide a defined starting point for optimization.
A is incorrect because clinical trials require substantial preclinical
characterization, including identification and characterization of the
active substance.
C is incorrect because converting a plant extract into a monoclonal
antibody is unrelated to identifying the small molecule responsible for
the activity.
D is incorrect because human dose selection follows extensive
preclinical pharmacology and toxicology rather than preceding
identification of the active compound.
Question 2
Which historical observation best illustrates how medicinal plants can
serve as starting points for modern drug discovery?
, A. Isolation of morphine from opium
B. Development of insulin by recombinant DNA technology
C. Discovery of monoclonal antibodies through hybridoma technology
D. Development of gene-editing systems
Correct Answer:
A. Isolation of morphine from opium
Rationale:
A is correct because morphine was isolated from opium and became an
important example of converting a natural medicinal source into a
chemically defined therapeutic agent. Isolation of active constituents
transformed empirical medicinal use into more precise pharmacological
investigation.
B is incorrect because recombinant insulin emerged from biotechnology
rather than isolation of a plant-derived constituent.
C is incorrect because monoclonal antibodies are biotechnology-derived
therapeutics rather than traditional medicinal-plant discoveries.
D is incorrect because gene editing represents a modern molecular
technology, not classical natural-product isolation.
Question 3
Why is isolation of a pure active compound from a medicinal plant often
advantageous over using the original crude extract?
A. The purified compound eliminates all possible adverse effects
B. The purified compound permits reproducible dosing and more
precise pharmacological characterization
C. Crude extracts always contain only one pharmacologically active
