TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team isolates a previously unknown compound from a
medicinal plant after observing that a traditional preparation produces
a reproducible physiological effect. Which feature best illustrates the
historical role of natural products in drug discovery?
A. Natural products were initially identified primarily by computational
prediction of receptor binding
,B. Natural products provided biologically active chemical starting points,
sometimes discovered through observation rather than knowledge of a
molecular target
C. Natural products were used only after synthetic compounds failed in
clinical trials
D. Natural products were selected because they were guaranteed to
have high therapeutic selectivity
Correct Answer:
B. Natural products provided biologically active chemical starting points,
sometimes discovered through observation rather than knowledge of a
molecular target
Rationale:
B is correct because many early drugs or drug leads arose from
observations of biological effects produced by plants, microorganisms,
or other natural sources, often before the molecular mechanism was
understood. This represents a phenotype- or effect-driven route to
discovery.
A is incorrect because historical natural-product discovery generally
preceded modern computational approaches.
C is incorrect because natural products were important sources of
therapeutic agents long before systematic clinical development of
synthetic drugs.
D is incorrect because natural origin does not guarantee selectivity,
safety, or a favorable therapeutic index.
Question 2
, A researcher discovers that an extract from a plant consistently reduces
pain behavior in laboratory animals but initially has no information
about the molecular target responsible for the effect. Which drug-
discovery strategy is most directly represented?
A. Target-based drug discovery
B. Structure-based drug design
C. Phenotypic or effect-based screening
D. Pharmacogenomic drug selection
Correct Answer:
C. Phenotypic or effect-based screening
Rationale:
C is correct because the biological effect is identified before the
molecular target is known. The discovery process begins with an
observable phenotype and subsequently attempts to identify the active
compound and its mechanism.
A is incorrect because target-based discovery begins with a defined
biological target.
B is incorrect because structure-based drug design requires structural
information about a molecular target or binding site.
D is incorrect because pharmacogenomics concerns genetic variation
influencing drug response rather than discovery through an observed
phenotype.
Question 3
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team isolates a previously unknown compound from a
medicinal plant after observing that a traditional preparation produces
a reproducible physiological effect. Which feature best illustrates the
historical role of natural products in drug discovery?
A. Natural products were initially identified primarily by computational
prediction of receptor binding
,B. Natural products provided biologically active chemical starting points,
sometimes discovered through observation rather than knowledge of a
molecular target
C. Natural products were used only after synthetic compounds failed in
clinical trials
D. Natural products were selected because they were guaranteed to
have high therapeutic selectivity
Correct Answer:
B. Natural products provided biologically active chemical starting points,
sometimes discovered through observation rather than knowledge of a
molecular target
Rationale:
B is correct because many early drugs or drug leads arose from
observations of biological effects produced by plants, microorganisms,
or other natural sources, often before the molecular mechanism was
understood. This represents a phenotype- or effect-driven route to
discovery.
A is incorrect because historical natural-product discovery generally
preceded modern computational approaches.
C is incorrect because natural products were important sources of
therapeutic agents long before systematic clinical development of
synthetic drugs.
D is incorrect because natural origin does not guarantee selectivity,
safety, or a favorable therapeutic index.
Question 2
, A researcher discovers that an extract from a plant consistently reduces
pain behavior in laboratory animals but initially has no information
about the molecular target responsible for the effect. Which drug-
discovery strategy is most directly represented?
A. Target-based drug discovery
B. Structure-based drug design
C. Phenotypic or effect-based screening
D. Pharmacogenomic drug selection
Correct Answer:
C. Phenotypic or effect-based screening
Rationale:
C is correct because the biological effect is identified before the
molecular target is known. The discovery process begins with an
observable phenotype and subsequently attempts to identify the active
compound and its mechanism.
A is incorrect because target-based discovery begins with a defined
biological target.
B is incorrect because structure-based drug design requires structural
information about a molecular target or binding site.
D is incorrect because pharmacogenomics concerns genetic variation
influencing drug response rather than discovery through an observed
phenotype.
Question 3
