Essentials of Abnormal Psychology 7th Edition Test Bank 2021

Essentials of Abnormal Psychology 7th Edition Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. According to the authors of your textbook, the definition of a psychological disorder is associated with a. stress. b. impaired functioning. c. culturally expected responses. d. psychotic symptoms. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Factual 2. A psychological dysfunction refers to a. a breakdown in cognitive functioning. b. a breakdown in emotional functioning. c. a breakdown in behavioral functioning. d. any of these ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Factual NOTES: NEW 3. Regarding the definition of abnormality, it is correct to state that a. it is difficult to define “normal” and “abnormal.” b. abnormality depends solely on subjective distress. c. the definition is universal across cultures. d. the criteria differ depending on whether the individual has a psychological disorder or a psychological dysfunction. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 4. The criterion that a particular behavior be atypical or not culturally expected is insufficient to define abnormality because a. behavior that occurs infrequently is considered abnormal in every culture. b. the atypical behavior must also cause harm or impairment to be considered abnormal. c. behaviors vary very little from one individual to another within each culture. d. many people behave in ways that deviate from the average, but this doesn’t mean that they have a disorder.ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 5. A male college student begins feeling sad and lonely. Although still able to go to classes and work at his job, he finds himself feeling down much of the time and worries about what is happening to him. Which part of the definition of abnormality applies to his situation? a. Personal distress b. Cultural factors c. Impaired functioning d. Violation of societal norms ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Applied 6. Which of the following degrees is earned by a psychiatrist? a. Ph.D. b. Ed.D. c. M.D. d. Psy.D. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Factual 7. Rocky Starr is a male rocker who wears outlandishmakeup and women’s clothing when performing on stage. This behavior is considered a. more abnormal than that of an accountant who starts to do so because rockstars are supposed to be very masculine. b. less abnormal than that of an accountant who starts to do so because it is consistent with his professional success. c. less abnormal than that of an accountant who starts to do so because its more common to see a rockstar in makeup. d. just as abnormal as that of an accountant who starts to do so because abnormality is defined by the individual himself. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Applied NOTES: NEW 8. The prototype of a disorder reflects ________ as described in DSM-5. a. its history and prognosis b. its biological underpinningsc. The causes of pathology d. the “typical” profile and diagnostic criteria ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 9. The scientific study of psychological disorders is called a. psychopathology. b. psychoanalysis. c. pseudoscience. d. parapsychology. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Factual 10. Dr. Smith is interested in how separation anxiety changes over time from childhood to adolescence in the general population. What is his main field of study? a. Oedipal theory b. Behaviorism c. Child psychopathology d. Developmental psychology ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 11. All of the following are ways in which mental health professionals might function as scientist-practitioners EXCEPT a. analyzing their own motivations and reasons for helping people with psychological problems. b. evaluating their own assessments and treatments for effectiveness. c. conducting research leading to new information about mental disorders and their treatments. d. using the most current diagnostic and treatment procedures. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding PsychopathologyLEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Factual 12. Tameka, having earned her master’s degree, has begun treating disorders and concentrating on family problems. Tameka is probably a(n) a. psychiatric social worker. b. family therapist. c. psychiatric nurse. d. mental health counselor. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Applied NOTES: NEW 13. Statistical data are often relevant when discussing psychological disorders. For example, a researcher might want to know how many new cases of depression are diagnosed each year, a figure called the ________ of the disorder. a. prevalence b. incidence c. recurrence d. ratio ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Factual 14. Psychological disorders can be described as following a typical course or individual pattern. For example, schizophrenia follows a chronic course. On the other hand, mood disorders, including depression, follow a(n) ________ course. a. episodic b. acute c. cyclic d. insidious ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual15. If a psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset, it means that the symptoms developed a. suddenly. b. atypically. c. gradually. d. following a period of recovery. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Factual 16. When 20-year-old Larry was first diagnosed with schizophrenia, his family wanted to know if and how the disorder would progress and how it would affect him in the future. In medical terms, the family wanted to know Larry’s a. diagnosis. b. prognosis. c. pathophysiology. d. disease etiology. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Applied 17. At various times in history, in an attempt to explain problematic, irrational behavior, humans have focused on supernatural causes that include a. witchcraft. b. demons and evil spirits. c. the moon and stars. d. All of the above ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b - Recognize major historical events, theoretical perspectives, and figures in psychology and their link to trends in contemporary research OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 18. Throughout history, all of these theoretical models have been used to primarily explain our behavior, thinking and emotions EXCEPT a. psychologica l b. biological c. supernatural d. physical ANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 19. Toward the end of the 14th century and continuing into the 15th, the causes of “madness” were generally attributed to a. toxins in the blood. b. religious delusions. c. brain disease. d. demons and witches. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b - Recognize major historical events, theoretical perspectives, and figures in psychology and their link to trends in contemporary research OTHER: TYPE: Factual 20. Which of the following accurately describes the attitudes of the Catholic Church toward mentally ill people during the turbulent political and religious events of the 14th and 15th centuries? a. They were considered to be suffering from religious delusions and were cared for by members of the church communities. b. They were seen as possessed by evil spirits and blamed for all misfortunes. c. They were regarded as basically good individuals who were not responsible for their abnormal behavior. d. They were provided with medical treatments and sometimes hospitalized because mental illness was regarded as equivalent to physical illness. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Factual 21. During the Middle Ages, as well as at other times, mentally ill people were sometimes forced to undergo the religious ritual called exorcism. This was in order to a. cure the mental illness by making the individual more religious. b. build up muscle strength and make the person healthier. c. rid the individual’s body of evil spirits. d. prove that the person was not a witch. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b - Recognize major historical events, theoretical perspectives, and figures in psychology and their link to trends in contemporary research OTHER: TYPE: Factual 22. Sigmund Freud proposed that many physical complaints suffered by young women a. Were a form of divine punishment. b. Reflected stress placed upon them by society. c. A result from the “conversion” of sexual fantasies into socially acceptable outletsd. A result from the rise in feminism ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b - Recognize major historical events, theoretical perspectives, and figures in psychology and their link to trends in contemporary research OTHER: TYPE: Factual 23. In the late 19th century, John P. Grey and his colleagues a. Discovered the first cure for schizophrenia b. Ironically reduced interest in treating mental patients c. Changed the field of psychological research largely into a biological science d. Created the first humane treatment facilities for mentally ill patients ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Factual 24. DSM-5, an updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was published in a. 1994. b. 2000. c. 2002. d. 2013. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Factual 25. Research about psychological disorders falls into three basic categories. Which is NOT one of these categories? a. Analysis b. Description c. Causation (etiology) d. Treatment and outcomes ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Factual 26. The authors describe an example of conditioning in which cancer patients develop a negative reaction to a variety of people and things associated with their chemotherapy treatments. The phenomenon is called a. generalized conditioning. b. stimulus generalization. c. variety stimulus. d. stimulus discrimination. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: DifficultREFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology OTHER: TYPE: Factual 27. One hot and humid night, one of your friends suggests doing some really crazy things. You look up at the sky and say, “It must be the full moon.” Your statement reflects the concept from which the word ________ is derived. a. lunatic b. idiot c. maniac d. psychopath ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Supernatural Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Applied 28. Induced vomiting was a 17th century treatment for depression. As described in Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), this could be accomplished in part by eating a. raw meat. b. ice. c. coal. d. tobacco. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Supernatural Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 29. You are listening to old musical tunes, including “My Melancholy Baby.” Your friends are impressed when you tell them that “melancholic,” referring to a depressive personality, derives from a Greek word meaning a. blood. b. phlegm. c. yellow bile. d. black bile. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Applied 30. According to Hippocrates’ humoral theory, the “choleric” personality is a. hot-tempered. b. easygoing. c. kind. d. cheap. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 31. Based on Hippocrates’ humoral theory, “sanguine” describes a person who is a. pessimistic . b. pale. c. cheerful. d. humorous. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 32. Bloodletting, a treatment devised centuries ago to restore the balance of humors, was accomplished with the use of a. needles. b. leeches. c. tourniquets. d. bacteria. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 33. In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from “hysteria” might be told that her condition could be cured by a. marriage. b. pregnancy. c. therapy. d. divorce. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 34. In ancient Greece, some “humoral excesses” thought to be causing psychological disorders were treated by a. increasing or decreasing the person’s exposure to heat, dryness, moisture, or cold. b. herbal remedies. c. decreasing both caloric and liquid intake. d. lowering the person’s body temperature for extended periods of time. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 35. In keeping with an accepted treatment for mental illness in the 14th century, a physician treating King Charles VI of France had him moved to the countryside in order to a. have him closer to a hospital that treated mental illness. b. keep him away from his family. c. restore the balance in his humors.d. cure him of hysteria. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 36. In an attempt to rid the body of the excessive humors thought to be causing psychological disorders, physicians throughout history have used treatments such as a. bloodletting. b. induced seizures. c. exorcism. d. drilling through the skull. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 37. The concept of hysteria, which traditionally meant physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could be found, is now associated with which DSM-5 classification? a. Anxiety disorders b. Borderline personality disorder c. Premenstrual symptom disorder d. Somatic symptom disorder ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 38. The traditional tendency to stigmatize women as “hysterical” derived from Hippocrates’ concept of a. the “wandering womb.” b. an “incompetent cervix.” c. “penis envy.” d. “pelvic dysfunction.” ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 39. The term “hysteria” derives from the Greek hysteron, which means a. vagina. b. uterus. c. penis. d. libido. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual40. The first significant supporting evidence for a biological cause of a mental disorder was the 19th century discovery that the psychotic disorder called general paresis was caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes a. malaria. b. Alzheimer’s disease. c. syphilis. d. The common cold. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 41. In the 19th century, John Grey, a well-known American psychiatrist, believed that mental illness was due to a. psychological factors. b. physical causes. c. social/environmental influences. d. unknown influences. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b - Recognize major historical events, theoretical perspectives, and figures in psychology and their link to trends in contemporary research OTHER: TYPE: Factual 42. In the 1950s, the first effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders were developed in a systematic way. Before that time, all of the following were used to treat psychosis EXCEPT. a. opium b. neuroleptics c. herbal medicine d. moral therapy ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 43. In the 1800s, an important research and clinical publication read by psychiatrists in the United States was titled a. Case Studies in Mental Illness. b. American Journal of Madness. c. American Journal of Insanity. d. Lunatics in America. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 44. With the discovery of the major tranquilizers called ________, it became possible to control psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and aggressiveness. a. neurolepticsb. benzodiazepines c. bromides d. opiates ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 45. Benzodiazepines, or “minor” tranquilizers such as Valium and Librium, are effective in reducing the symptoms of a. depression. b. anxiety. c. schizophrenia. d. hysteria. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b - Recognize major historical events, theoretical perspectives, and figures in psychology and their link to trends in contemporary research OTHER: TYPE: Factual 46. In the late 1800s, the emphasis on a biological cause of mental disorder ironically resulted in reduced interest in treatments for mental patients because it was thought that a. physicians should devote more time to the physically ill. b. patients would improve more rapidly if they were not hospitalized. c. the hospital staff was not adequately trained to administer new treatments. d. mental illness due to brain pathology was incurable. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Biological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b - Recognize major historical events, theoretical perspectives, and figures in psychology and their link to trends in contemporary research OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 47. In contrast to the asylums of the early 18th century, the psychosocial approach called “moral therapy” advocated all of the following EXCEPT a. restraint and seclusion. b. normal social interaction. c. individual attention from the hospital staff. d. lectures on interesting subjects for hospitalized patients. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 48. After Philippe Pinel systematically introduced moral therapy as a treatment in mental hospitals in France, a similar type of treatment was first established in a U.S. hospital by a. Benjamin Rush.b. William Tuke. c. Joseph von Medina. d. Manfred Sakel. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 49. After the mid 1800s, moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill in the United States because a. the number of patients in mental institutions also declined. b. immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population. c. the number of people available to staff mental hospitals increased. d. new biologically based treatments became available. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 50. You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader, Dorothea Dix, who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane. After mentioning all of her accomplishments, you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts, namely, a. a decrease in the number of mental patients in institutions, forcing many to close. b. an increase in the number of mental patients, resulting in insufficient staff to care for them. c. a change from custodial care to moral therapy for institutionalized patients. d. more patients receiving psychotherapy and fewer receiving medication. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 51. Anton Mesmer, an early 18th century physician, purported to be affecting cures in patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called “animal magnetism.” In fact, any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to a. undetectable magnetic fields. b. chemically induced humoral balance. c. mental telepathy. d. the power of suggestion. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 52. ________ demonstrated that some techniques of mesmerism were effective with several psychological disorders. a. Philippe Pinel b. Anton Mesmer c. Sigmund Freud d. Jean-Martin CharcotANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 53. Which of the following accurately describes the patients of Freud and Breuer after they received hypnotherapy for their psychological disorders? a. Feelings of relief and improvement b. Decreased emotionality while in the hypnotic state c. Accurate posthypnotic recall d. Increased understanding of the causes of their psychological disorder ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 54. Realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Breuer and Freud hypothesized the existence of ________, a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology. a. neurosis b. the unconscious mind c. the Electra complex d. catharsis ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 55. In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders, Freud discovered a. that it is therapeutic to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events. b. that patients are unable to process emotionally charged information. c. that hypnosis is less effective than mesmerism. d. the existence of conscious memories. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 56. In the classic case of Anna O. in 1895, neurologist Josef Breuer treated her “hysterical” symptoms by using a. psychoanalysis. b. hypnosis. c. faith healing. d. the placebo effect. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual57. Which of the following is NOT included as part of Freud’s structure of the mind? a. Id b. Psyche c. Superego d. Ego ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 58. In Freudian theory, “libido” and “thanatos” represent the two basic but opposing drives of a. life and death. b. sex and celibacy. c. good and evil. d. pleasure and pain. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 59. You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder. You wonder how someone could commit such a horrible crime. Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that according to Freud, anyone could be a killer or rapist if ________ impulses are not well controlled. a. egoistic b. phallic c. id d. mesmeric ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 60. Although Freud conceptualized the libido as the life energy within the id, many people think of it as the a. death instinct. b. sex drive. c. conscience. d. Oedipal conflict. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 61. According to psychoanalytic theory, the ________ develops early in life to insure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs. a. ego b. superego c. libido d. ideal self ANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 62. According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates on the “pleasure principle,” which means that it a. pays particular attention to social rules and regulations. b. thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner. c. is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious. d. utilizes secondary process thinking. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 63. When Johnny wanted a cookie before dinner, he thought about just going and taking one without permission. However, after thinking about it, he decided to get permission from his mom. Johnny was operating according to the _______ principle. a. pleasur e b. reality c. moral d. Oedipal ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d - Describe the value and limitation of using theories to explain behavioral phenomena OTHER: TYPE: Applied NOTES: NEW 64. A classmate in your psychology course is worried about the selfish and sometimes dangerous drives of his id and wonders if it will make him commit crimes. You respond by saying that a. each of us also develops an ego to help us behave more realistically. b. id fantasies actually reflect the opposite of what you really want and believe. c. scientists disproved Freud’s theories a long time ago. d. since id impulses are usually part of the unconsciousness, they do not manifest in real behaviors. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Applied 65. According to psychoanalytic theory, the role of the ego involves a. counteracting the aggressive and sexual drives of the id. b. maximizing pleasure and reducing tension. c. mediating conflict between the id and the superego.d. utilizing fantasy and primary process thinking. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 66. According to psychoanalytic theory, the conflicts between the id and the superego often lead to feelings of a. anxiety. b. desire. c. depression . d. anger. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 67. According to Freudian theory, anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its defense mechanisms, which function as a. reality-based actions. b. unconscious protective processes. c. conscious efforts to maintain control. d. primitive emotional responses. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 68. All of the following are examples of defense mechanisms according to psychoanalytic theory EXCEPT a. adaptation. b. displacement. c. repression. d. projection. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 69. In which of the following defense mechanisms does an individual unconsciously block disturbing wishes, thoughts or experiences from awareness? a. Rationalization b. Reaction formation c. Repression d. Displacement ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological TraditionOTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 70. In which of the following defense mechanisms does an individual falsely attribute his or her own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts to another person? a. Denial b. Projection c. Displacement d. Sublimation ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Coneptual 71. Mrs. B received a very poor rating by her supervisor, who had been constantly criticizing her in front of her coworkers. When she got home, her kids ran up to greet her, all talking at once. Mrs. B responded by yelling, “Leave me alone! Can’t you see I’m tired?” According to psychoanalytic theory, this is an example of the defense mechanism known as a. displacement. b. projection. c. repression. d. rationalization. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Applied 72. A four-year-old girl sucks her thumb, a teenager binges on food, and an adult woman bites her fingernails. According to the Freudian theory of psychosexual development, all three are fixated at the ________ stage. a. oral b. anal c. phallic d. genital ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Applied 73. The Oedipus complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development, is characterized by a three- to five-year-old boy who a. represses his need for genital self-stimulation. b. loves his mother but has feelings of anger and envy toward his father. c. loves his father but has feelings of anger and envy toward his mother. d. fantasizes about tragic Greek heroes. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual74. According to Sigmund Freud, the Electra complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development in girls, is characterized by a. castration anxiety. b. Oedipal conflicts. c. penis envy. d. latency lust. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 75. Borderline personality disorder, in which some behavior “borders” on being out of touch with reality, was first associated with the ideas of a. Otto Kernberg. b. Sigmund Freud. c. Alfred Adler. d. Carl Jung. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 76. In their theories about human nature, psychoanalysts Carl Jung and Alfred Adler both a. regarded human nature as possessing many negative qualities. b. completely analogous to Freud’s ideas. c. believed that there were no barriers to the internal and external growth of the individual. d. emphasized a strong drive toward individual self-actualization. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 77. Severe internal conflicts that produce a lot of anxiety or other emotions can trigger self-defeating defensive processes or symptoms such as a. acute and posttraumatic stress symptoms. b. depression or bipolar symptoms. c. phobic or obsessive symptoms. d. suicidal or aggressive symptoms. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual NOTES: NEW 78. In Erik Erikson’s theory of lifespan development, an individual reaches the mature stage when he or she is about ________ years old. a. 55 b. 65c. 75 d. 85 ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 79. Which of the following is an accurate statement about “stage” theories of development? a. In Freudian theory, sexual arousal and interest occur during the latency stage. b. In Erikson’s theory, development occurs across the lifespan. c. In Freudian theory, intrapsychic conflicts are resolved in early childhood. d. In Fromm’s theory, culture and society influence personality. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 80. In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, it is important for patients to a. keep their thoughts and feelings to themselves. b. make eye contact with the psychoanalyst. c. describe the content of their dreams to the analyst. d. remain in a horizontal posture to induce emotional processing. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 81. Psychodynamic psychotherapy differs from classical (Freudian) psychoanalysis in that it a. emphasizes the goal of personality reconstruction. b. requires a long-term commitment on the part of the person being analyzed. c. focuses on social and interpersonal issues. d. considers past experiences important. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 82. The concepts of “self-actualizing” and “the hierarchy of needs” are most closely associated with the theories of a. Abraham Maslow. b. Carl Rogers. c. Carl Jung. d. Melanie Klein. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE:83. Which of the following is NOT associated with the humanistic theories of Carl Rogers? a. Unconditional positive regard b. Hierarchy of needs c. Empathy d. Person-centered therapy ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 84. Humanistic therapists regard ________ as the single most positive influence in facilitating human growth. a. therapist interpretation of patient verbalizations b. relationships (including the therapeutic relationship) c. self-esteem d. intellectual and moral development ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 85. The systematic development of a scientific approach to psychopathology is represented by a. humanistic psychology. b. psychoanalysis. c. Jungian psychology. d. the behavioral model. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 86. Which scientist felt that that psychology should not use introspection or other unquantifiable methods and is considered the founder of behaviorism? a. Edward Titchener b. B.F. Skinner c. John Watson d. Ivan Pavlov ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Factual 87. Someone you know has been having a lot of difficulty because of irrational fears. Knowing that you are studying abnormal psychology, this person asks if you know of an effective and well-established treatment. You advise her that ________, based on the mid-20th century work of Joseph Wolpe, is a successful anxiety reduction procedure. a. systematic desensitization b. person centered therapy c. exorcismd. aversive conditioning ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Applied 88. Which well-known behavioral scientist was the author of The Behavior of Organisms (1938) and Walden Two (1948)? a. John Watson b. Ivan Pavlov c. B.F. Skinner d. Edward L. Thorndike ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d - Describe the value and limitation of using theories to explain behavioral phenomena OTHER: TYPE: Factual 89. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, based his theories of conditioning on the results of experiments he conducted on a. humans. b. pigeons. c. rats. d. dogs. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 90. Mustafa was bitten by a dog when he was five years old. Now he is afraid of any dog he sees. His fear of dog is a(n) a. unconditioned stimulus. b. unconditioned response. c. conditioned stimulus. d. conditioned response. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Applied NOTES: NEW 91. In the process of self-actualizing, emphasized in humanistic psychology, individuals a. adopt a conditioned response to a variety of stimuli. b. direct their own course of therapy under the guidance of a counselor. c. strive to achieve their highest potential against life’s obstacles. d. achieve a complete and almost unqualified acceptance of their own dysfunctions. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: EasyREFERENCES: The Psychological Tradition OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 92. The continual interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences and their effect on behavior is considered a. sociocultural. b. psychobiological/biopsychological. c. systematic. d. multidimensional and integrative. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Integrative Approach OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 93. A patient arrives in your office with a severe fear of spiders. You treat this patient by gradually introducing her to snake images, snake toys, and eventually live snakes in order to show her that nothing bad happened in the presence of these objects. You are using the therapeutic technique called a. Cognitive therapy b. Systematic desensitization c. Operant conditioning d. Multidimensional therapy ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Integrative Approach OTHER: TYPE: Applied 94. You just adopted a puppy and want to teach it to fetch the newspaper. What approach would B. F. Skinner advise you to take? a. Punish the puppy each time it does not fetch the paper b. Give the puppy a treat each time it gets a little closer to fetching perfectly c. Give the puppy a treat each time it fetches perfectly and not otherwise d. Be patient and understand that behavior shaping occurs naturally over developmental stages ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Integrative Approach OTHER: TYPE: Applied 95. According to the definition of personality disorder, only individuals who show ________ patterns of maladaptive behavior should be diagnosed with a personality disorder. a. suicidal b. the most severe c. relatively permanent d. highly variable ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual96. All of the following are necessary conditions for the diagnosis of a personality disorder EXCEPT a. patient feelings of distress. b. pervasive pattern of behavior. c. maladaptive functioning. d. chronicity. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 97. The gender difference in the diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder has been criticized for a. Reflecting society’s inherent bias b. Not reflecting enough of the differences between men and women c. Being psychologists’ plot to undermine their female colleagues d. All of the above. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual NOTES: NEW 98. Lu believes that he is being tracked by the FBI because he is a telepathy experiment “set loose,” and he hears messages and instructions from others from the same experiment. What disorder would he most likely have? a. Schizotypal personality disorder b. Schizoid personality disorder c. Paranoid personality disorder d. Schizophrenia ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 99. Unlike schizophrenia or an eating disorder, personality disorders can be viewed as disorders of a. biology rather than learning. b. learning rather than disease. c. degree rather than kind. d. functioning rather than disease. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual100. Clinicians who view personality disorders as extremes of normal personality rather than as ________ have criticized the way the DSM classifies personality disorders. a. medical conditions b. biologically based traits c. separate categories of disorders d. impaired functioning ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 101. Some have proposed that the personality disorders be replaced or supplemented by a dimensional model in which individuals would be rated on a series of personality dimensions as well as a categorical diagnosis. It is believed that this would have advantages over a purely categorical system. Which of the following would be such an advantage? a. It would retain more information about each individual. b. It would be more flexible. c. It would avoid arbitrary decisions involved in assignment to a diagnostic category. d. All of the above ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual NOTES: NEW 102. The five-factor model of personality includes all of the following as personality dimensions EXCEPT a. expressiveness. b. extroversion. c. conscientiousness. d. agreeableness ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 103. What is one advantage of the categorical system over the dimensional system when it comes to classifying and diagnosing personality disorders? a. convenience b. accuracy c. communicability d. It is better as a prognostic tool ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual104. DSM-IV-TR divides personality disorders into ____ distinct clusters. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 105. DSM-5 personality disorders are grouped into three clusters. Which of the following most accurately represents the three clusters? a. Odd or eccentric; dangerous or inconsistent; shy, uncommunicative, or withdrawn b. Shy, uncommunicative, or withdrawn; anxious or fearful; dangerous or inconsistent c. Shy or withdrawn; dramatic, emotional, or erratic; bizarre or thought-disordered d. Odd or eccentric; dramatic, emotional, or erratic; anxious or fearful ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 106. In the world, the prevalence of personality disorders is estimated to be approximately________ percent. a. 0.5 b. 2 c. 6 d. 11 ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 107. The characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop with a. rapid onset in late adolescence. b. gradual onset in adulthood. c. rapid onset in adulthood. d. onset in childhood that is difficult to pinpoint. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual108. According to your textbook, the main reason that we do not have sufficient research examining the development of personality disorders is that a. many individuals do not seek treatment in the early phases of these disorders. b. there is insufficient research funding for these disorders, due to relative lack of public awareness. c. sophisticated research methods are necessary to study disorders that are so ingrained in personality. d. all of these are cited as key contributors to the lack of sufficient research. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 109. Research suggests that the gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders may be due to a. genetic differences. b. gender-specific learned behavior patterns. c. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician. d. cultural scripts that dictate the type of disordered behavior appropriate for each gender. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 110. A woman demonstrating a high degree of Western “stereotypical female” traits might well be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder. Which of the following would probably occur if a man demonstrated very stereotypical masculine traits? a. He would be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. b. He would be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder. c. He would be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. d. He probably would not be diagnosed with any personality disorder. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 111. The diagnosis of more than one personality disorder in an individual patient is a. common. b. impossible unless the person suffers from dissociative identity disorder. c. rare. d. only possible for personality disorders in the same DSM-5 cluster. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual112. Gender differences observed in the prevalence of many personality disorders may be due to a. tolerance of behavior in a culture. b. differences in help-seeking behavior. c. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician. d. all of the above ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: An Overview of Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual NOTES: NEW 113. Max is always sure that others are trying to harm him. His perception that the world is a threatening place impacts most of his life. Most likely, Max would be diagnosed with the personality disorder called a. histrionic. b. avoidant. c. paranoid. d. antisocial. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 114. An individual requesting treatment at a mental health clinic keeps talking about how gangsters are “out to get him.” Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, we must determine whether a. his fears are justified. b. his family life is stable. c. he has ever attempted suicide. d. he avoids socialization. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 115. The language barrier of refugees from other countries and people with hearing impairments may make these individuals particularly susceptible to a. histrionic personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual116. You are waiting to board a plane when you hear that the flight has been delayed due to a passing thunderstorm. The man sitting next to you says, “Passing thunderstorm, sure! That’s Jim again, he’s been doing everything to make me miss this meeting because he’s trying to get me fired!” Of the following, this statement would be most consistent with ________ personality disorder. a. avoidant b. histrionic c. borderline d. paranoid ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 117. One of the greatest challenges for any therapist treating an individual with paranoid personality disorder is in a. understanding the patient’s belief system. b. earning the patient’s trust. c. convincing the patient to talk about his or her beliefs. d. getting the patient to speak clearly. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 118. The data regarding treatment outcome for individuals with paranoid personality disorder a. indicate clients do not remain in therapy long enough for treatment success. b. suggest that treatment can only be successful if the patient remains in therapy for a minimum of one year. c. indicate that cognitive therapy is effective in most cases. d. demonstrate that strict behavioral approaches are effective. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Factual 119. A person with paranoid personality disorder may a. mistrust other people. b. get into arguments with people. c. be quiet and withdrawn. d. all of the above ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual NOTES: NEW120. Theo is quite a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone, and appears indifferent to other people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any obviously unusual ways, nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Of the following personality disorders, Theo appears to be a. avoidant. b. antisocial. c. schizotypal. d. schizoid. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 121. An individual who goes through life as a loner with no motivation to interact with others but with relatively normal behavior and beliefs is likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a. histrionic b. narcissistic c. schizoid d. paranoid ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 122. One prevalent outcome for individuals with schizoid personality disorder is a. homelessness. b. drug abuse. c. eating disorders. d. anxiety. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 123. According to the DSM-5, cluster A groups which of the following personality disorders? a. Borderline, compulsive, psychotic b. Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal c. Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive d. Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 124. Patients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder a. often request treatment and generally make progress quickly.b. often request treatment but generally make little progress. c. rarely request treatment except in response to a crisis. d. rarely request treatment but generally make progress quickly while in therapy. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 125. Individuals who are socially isolated, behave in ways that seem unusual, tend to be suspicious, and have odd beliefs are generally diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a. schizotypal b. schizoid c. paranoid d. multiple ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 126. Individuals who have “ideas of reference” but who sense that these beliefs are probably unrealistic are generally diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a. schizotypal b. paranoid c. antisocial d. histrionic ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 127. According to the textbook, a possible cause of schizotypal personality disorder is a. genetic. b. environmental. c. brain abnormalities. d. all of the above ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Factual NOTES: NEW 128. Hideki has been diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder and has begun psychotherapy. Since he is willing to undergo a combined treatment approach, the result a. is excellent since most patients seeking treatment eventually are symptom free. b. may be a reduction in symptoms or postponement of schizophrenia.c. is excellent only if he is willing to take medication. d. is poor since most patients go on to develop schizophrenia. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Applied 129. The personality disorder that shares many similar symptoms with schizophrenia is a. schizoid. b. paranoid. c. borderline. d. schizotypal. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 130. According to the textbook, the most likely cause of schizotypal personality disorder is a. poor parenting. b. social modeling. c. biological. d. isolation during childhood. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Factual 131. As many as 30 to 50 percent of the individuals with schizotypal personality disorder who request clinical help also meet the criteria for a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. substance disorder. c. anorexia. d. major depressive disorder. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 132. Marie has a history of being arrested for arson and shows no remorse for her destructive actions; Marion has a perfect legal record, but often manipulates her friends to get what she wants and doesn’t feel guilt when she hurts their feelings. Marie most likely has_______, while Marion most likely has___________. a. Schizoid personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder b. Antisocial personality disorder; schizoid personality disorderc. Psychopathy; antisocial personality disorder d. Antisocial personality disorder; psychopathy ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 133. Steve steals money from his friends and family, lies to get what he wants, and often hurts others with no sign of guilt or remorse. Steve would most likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. antisocial d. narcissistic ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 134. The most accurate statement regarding antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy is that they a. are similar in almost every way except that psychopaths are criminals. b. completely different populations. c. overlap in some features but not all. d. are just different names for the same features. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 135. With which of the following personality disorders is the term psychopath closely associated? a. Schizotypal b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Antisocial ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 136. One difference between a psychopath and a person with antisocial personality disorder is that ________ are used in diagnosing the psychopath, but ________ are used to diagnose antisocial personality disorder. a. personality traits; observable behaviors b. observable behaviors; personality traits c. clinical judgments; objective test scores d. medical criteria; psychological assessmentsANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 137. An adult diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder is most likely to have met the criteria for ________ as a child. a. autism b. conduct disorder c. a learning disability d. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 138. Rob is a 13-year-old boy who has been repeatedly arrested for theft and assault. In addition to shoplifting and other theft, he has been caught stealing money from his parents’ wallets and his young sister’s piggy bank. Rob shows no guilt or remorse for the many ways that he hurts others. Rob’s current diagnosis is most likely a. antisocial personality disorder. b. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. c. conduct disorder. d. narcissistic personality disorder. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Applied 139. The research examining the cause of antisocial personality disorder suggests that a. the primary cause is genetics. b. genetics and environment interact to cause the disorder. c. the primary cause is poor parenting. d. there is no evidence of either a genetic or environmental cause. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Factual 140. According to the DSM-5, cluster B groups which of the following personality disorders? a. Borderline, compulsive, psychotic b. Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypalc. Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive d. Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a - Describe problems operationally to study them empirically OTHER: TYPE: Factual 141. Which of the following are the two major theories that have been proposed to explain antisocial personality disorder? a. Underarousal and fearlessness b. Underarousal and shamelessness c. overarousal and fearlessness d. overarousal and shamelessness ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3) - Read and summarize general ideas and conclusions from psychological sources accurately OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 142. Which of the following prevention strategies looks promising for children who are at risk for later antisocial personality disorder? a. A training program for parents of toddlers (ages 1½ to 2½ years) b. A program for families with a high degree of family dysfunction c. A program for families where at least one parent has a history of antisocial personality disorder d. All of the above ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b - Accurately self-assess performance quality by adhering to external standards OTHER: TYPE: Factual NOTES: NEW 143. According to the underarousal hypothesis, individuals with antisocial personality disorder may engage in their characteristic behaviors as a way to a. deal with their fears. b. provide a level of stimulation that most of us receive from more typical behaviors. c. provide a sense of relief from the feelings of depression that they experience when they are not highly aroused. d. reduce the generally high level of arousal that they feel. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Cluster B Personality Disorders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3) - Read and summarize general ideas and conclusions from psychological sources accurately OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual144. The concept of the fearlessness hypothesis of antisocial personality disorder is that individuals with this disorder a. learn to avoid punishment. b. have an underactive cortex. c. u