Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher is studying a newly discovered human cell type and wants
to determine whether it is eukaryotic. Which feature most reliably
identifies the cell as eukaryotic?
A. Presence of ribosomes
B. Presence of a plasma membrane
C. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus
D. Ability to synthesize proteins
Correct Answer: C. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus
,Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus that
separates the genome from the cytoplasm. Ribosomes, plasma
membranes, and protein synthesis are features shared by both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Therefore, A, B, and D do not
distinguish eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells.
Question 2
Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for regulating the
movement of substances between the extracellular environment and
the cytoplasm?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nucleolus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B. Plasma membrane
Rationale: The plasma membrane forms the boundary of the cell and
selectively controls the movement of ions, nutrients, waste products,
and signaling molecules across the cell surface. The Golgi apparatus
modifies and sorts proteins, the nucleolus produces ribosomal
components, and lysosomes digest cellular material. Thus, A, C, and D
perform different functions.
Question 3
A patient develops a disorder caused by a mutation in a gene encoding
an essential cellular protein. Which component of the cell contains the
primary repository of the patient's genetic information?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondrial matrix
, C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the chromosomes that store most of
the cell's genetic information in the form of DNA. Lysosomes are
involved in intracellular digestion, mitochondria generate energy and
contain a small separate genome, and the Golgi apparatus processes
proteins and lipids. Therefore, A, B, and D are not the primary
repository of the nuclear genome.
Question 4
A cell is synthesizing a large amount of a protein that will be secreted
into the bloodstream. Which organelle is most directly involved in
synthesis of this protein?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Proteins destined for secretion are synthesized by ribosomes
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then enter the
secretory pathway. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more important in
lipid synthesis and detoxification, lysosomes digest intracellular
material, and peroxisomes participate in oxidative reactions. Thus, A, C,
and D do not perform the primary function described.
Question 5
A cell is exposed to a sudden reduction in oxygen availability. Which
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher is studying a newly discovered human cell type and wants
to determine whether it is eukaryotic. Which feature most reliably
identifies the cell as eukaryotic?
A. Presence of ribosomes
B. Presence of a plasma membrane
C. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus
D. Ability to synthesize proteins
Correct Answer: C. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus
,Rationale: Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus that
separates the genome from the cytoplasm. Ribosomes, plasma
membranes, and protein synthesis are features shared by both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Therefore, A, B, and D do not
distinguish eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells.
Question 2
Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for regulating the
movement of substances between the extracellular environment and
the cytoplasm?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nucleolus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B. Plasma membrane
Rationale: The plasma membrane forms the boundary of the cell and
selectively controls the movement of ions, nutrients, waste products,
and signaling molecules across the cell surface. The Golgi apparatus
modifies and sorts proteins, the nucleolus produces ribosomal
components, and lysosomes digest cellular material. Thus, A, C, and D
perform different functions.
Question 3
A patient develops a disorder caused by a mutation in a gene encoding
an essential cellular protein. Which component of the cell contains the
primary repository of the patient's genetic information?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondrial matrix
, C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the chromosomes that store most of
the cell's genetic information in the form of DNA. Lysosomes are
involved in intracellular digestion, mitochondria generate energy and
contain a small separate genome, and the Golgi apparatus processes
proteins and lipids. Therefore, A, B, and D are not the primary
repository of the nuclear genome.
Question 4
A cell is synthesizing a large amount of a protein that will be secreted
into the bloodstream. Which organelle is most directly involved in
synthesis of this protein?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Proteins destined for secretion are synthesized by ribosomes
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then enter the
secretory pathway. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more important in
lipid synthesis and detoxification, lysosomes digest intracellular
material, and peroxisomes participate in oxidative reactions. Thus, A, C,
and D do not perform the primary function described.
Question 5
A cell is exposed to a sudden reduction in oxygen availability. Which
