Foundations of Nursing HESI Exam 1 Practice Exam - Complete Questions & Verified Answers - Fundamentals of
Care & Safety Focus - Herzing University LPN
Herzing University LPN | Foundations of Nursing HESI Exam 1 | Complete Questions Verified Answers Grade A | Different
Title 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. I. Foundations of Nursing Fundamentals - Nursing Process ADPIE, Maslow Hierarchy, Safety
2. II. Infection Control - Hand Hygiene Soap Water 20 Seconds vs Alcohol Sanitizer, PPE Donning Doffing Gown Mask Goggles Gloves,
Standard Precautions
3. III. Isolation Precautions - Contact MRSA Wound Gown Gloves, Droplet Influenza Surgical Mask 3 Feet, Airborne TB N95 Private Room
4. IV. Patient Safety - Fall Prevention Morse Fall Scale >45 High Risk Bed Alarm Hourly Rounding Nonslip, Restraints Last Resort, Confusion
Assessment Reorientation
5. V. Skin Integrity - Braden Scale <18 At Risk <16 Moderate <12 High Risk, Pressure Injury Stages Stage1 Intact Redness Stage2 Partial
Thickness Dermis Blister Stage3 Full Thickness Fat Stage4 Bone Muscle Unstageable Slough
6. VI. Mobility and Body Mechanics - Safe Transfer Wide Base Bend Knees Client Close Gait Belt Lock Wheelchair, Reposition q2h Bony
Prominences
7. VII. Hygiene and ADLs - Bathing Privacy Draping, ADLs Bathing Dressing Toileting Feeding Ambulation Grooming, Bed Bath Principles
Dignity
8. VIII. Medication Administration via NG Tube - Check Placement Flush 15-30mL Separate Meds Don't Crush Enteric Coated ER
Compatibility
9. IX. Intake and Output - Conversion 1 oz=30 mL, Strict I&O; Documentation, Fluid Overload Crackles Edema Dyspnea Weight Gain Elevated
BP JVD
10. X. Elimination - CAUTI Prevention Closed Drainage Bag Below Bladder Above Floor No Kinks Perineal Hygiene Early Removal
11. XI. Respiratory Care - Incentive Spirometer Prevent Atelectasis 10 Breaths Per Hour Splint Incision, SCDs Apply Check Circulation
12. XII. Documentation - SOAPIE Subjective Objective Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation, Charting Principles
13. XIII. Professional Standards - Peer Accountability Hand Hygiene Remind Privately Chain, Client Advocacy
14. XIV. Practice Questions - Complete Questions Each Asked Like Real HESI Exam 1
15. XV. Answer Key with Detailed Rationales - Grade A
,FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING HESI EXAM 1 - PRACTICE QUESTIONS - EACH QUESTION ASKED LIKE REAL EXAM
Based on Herzing University LPN Foundations of Nursing HESI Exam 1 Blueprint - Fundamentals of Care Safety Infection Control Mobility Documentation. High Yield.
1. A nurse is caring for a client with indwelling urinary catheter. What action prevents CAUTI?
A. Open system frequently
B. No hygiene needed
C. Leave bag on floor
D. Maintain closed drainage system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, remove as soon as possible, hand hygiene
Answer: D
Rationale: CAUTI prevention: closed system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, early removal, hand hygiene.
2. A nurse is preparing to give bed bath. What principle maintains client dignity?
A. Provide privacy, drape, warm water, explain, allow participation, keep warm, respect
B. Expose entire body
C. No privacy
D. Cold water
Answer: A
Rationale: Bed bath privacy draping warm water explain participation dignity.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with indwelling urinary catheter. What action prevents CAUTI?
A. Open system frequently
B. Leave bag on floor
C. Maintain closed drainage system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, remove as soon as possible, hand hygiene
D. No hygiene needed
Answer: C
Rationale: CAUTI prevention: closed system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, early removal, hand hygiene.
4. A client reports pain 8/10. The nurse assesses OLDCARTS. What does this include?
A. No assessment
B. Only location
C. Only severity
D. Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Alleviating, Radiation, Timing, Severity - comprehensive pain assessment
Answer: D
Rationale: OLDCARTS pain: Onset Location Duration Character Aggravating Alleviating Radiation Timing Severity.
5. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Leave alone
B. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
C. Ignore
D. Apply restraints immediately
Answer: B
Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
6. A client has stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum. What is description?
A. Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, blister or shallow crater pink-red moist, no slough, no fat visible
B. Intact skin redness
C. Full thickness with bone
D. Unstageable
Answer: A
Rationale: Stage2 partial thickness dermis exposed pink-red moist blister shallow crater no slough fat.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO and receiving IV fluids. What indicates fluid overload?
A. Thirst
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. No signs
D. Crackles, edema, dyspnea, weight gain, elevated BP, JVD, decreased urine output? Actually increased? - assess lung sounds edema
Answer: D
Rationale: Fluid overload: crackles, edema peripheral periorbital, dyspnea, weight gain, elevated BP, JVD, bounding pulse.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer medications through a nasogastric tube. What is the correct action to ensure safe administration?
A. Mix all meds together
B. Crush all enteric-coated meds together
C. Check placement, flush 15-30mL water before and after each med, give meds separately, don't crush enteric-coated/ER, check compatibility
D. Give without flushing
Answer: C
Rationale: NG meds: check placement, flush before/after each med 15-30mL, separate administration, don't crush enteric-coated ER, check
compatibility.
9. A nurse is preparing to give bed bath. What principle maintains client dignity?
, A. Provide privacy, drape, warm water, explain, allow participation, keep warm, respect
B. Cold water
C. No privacy
D. Expose entire body
Answer: A
Rationale: Bed bath privacy draping warm water explain participation dignity.
10. A client reports pain 8/10. The nurse assesses OLDCARTS. What does this include?
A. Only severity
B. Only location
C. Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Alleviating, Radiation, Timing, Severity - comprehensive pain assessment
D. No assessment
Answer: C
Rationale: OLDCARTS pain: Onset Location Duration Character Aggravating Alleviating Radiation Timing Severity.
11. A nurse is teaching a client about hand hygiene. Which statement indicates understanding?
A. No need to wash
B. Hand sanitizer replaces handwashing for C. diff
C. Only water needed
D. Wash hands with soap and water for 20 seconds when visibly soiled or after C. diff/norovirus, use alcohol-based sanitizer when not visibly soiled
Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene: soap water 20 sec when visibly soiled C.diff norovirus, alcohol sanitizer when not visibly soiled.
12. What is correct order for donning PPE?
A. Hand hygiene, gown, mask, goggles, gloves - donning
B. Mask first
C. No order
D. Gloves first
Answer: A
Rationale: Donning: hand hygiene gown mask goggles gloves. Doffing: gloves goggles gown mask hand hygiene.
13. What is purpose of incentive spirometer?
A. Only for COPD
B. No purpose
C. Prevent atelectasis, improve lung expansion, 10 breaths per hour while awake, splint incision, exhale normally inhale slowly
D. Increase pain
Answer: C
Rationale: Incentive spirometer prevents atelectasis improves expansion 10 breaths per hour awake splint incision.
14. A client has stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum. What is description?
A. Unstageable
B. Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, blister or shallow crater pink-red moist, no slough, no fat visible
C. Intact skin redness
D. Full thickness with bone
Answer: B
Rationale: Stage2 partial thickness dermis exposed pink-red moist blister shallow crater no slough fat.
15. A client has stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum. What is description?
A. Full thickness with bone
B. Intact skin redness
C. Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, blister or shallow crater pink-red moist, no slough, no fat visible
D. Unstageable
Answer: C
Rationale: Stage2 partial thickness dermis exposed pink-red moist blister shallow crater no slough fat.
16. A nurse is teaching a client about hand hygiene. Which statement indicates understanding?
A. Wash hands with soap and water for 20 seconds when visibly soiled or after C. diff/norovirus, use alcohol-based sanitizer when not visibly soiled
B. Hand sanitizer replaces handwashing for C. diff
C. Only water needed
D. No need to wash
Answer: A
Rationale: Hand hygiene: soap water 20 sec when visibly soiled C.diff norovirus, alcohol sanitizer when not visibly soiled.
17. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Leave alone
B. Apply restraints immediately
C. Ignore
D. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
Answer: D
, Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
18. A client has an order for sequential compression devices (SCDs). What should nurse do?
A. Never remove
B. No check needed
C. Apply properly, remove for skin assessment, check circulation, ensure sleeves not kinked, use while in bed, ambulation when off
D. Leave off continuously
Answer: C
Rationale: SCDs apply properly, remove for skin check circulation check kinks use while in bed.
19. What is purpose of incentive spirometer?
A. Only for COPD
B. Prevent atelectasis, improve lung expansion, 10 breaths per hour while awake, splint incision, exhale normally inhale slowly
C. No purpose
D. Increase pain
Answer: B
Rationale: Incentive spirometer prevents atelectasis improves expansion 10 breaths per hour awake splint incision.
20. A nurse is documenting using SOAPIE. What does it include?
A. Only subjective
B. No plan
C. Only objective
D. Subjective Objective Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation - comprehensive charting
Answer: D
Rationale: SOAPIE Subjective Objective Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation.
21. What is purpose of incentive spirometer?
A. No purpose
B. Only for COPD
C. Increase pain
D. Prevent atelectasis, improve lung expansion, 10 breaths per hour while awake, splint incision, exhale normally inhale slowly
Answer: D
Rationale: Incentive spirometer prevents atelectasis improves expansion 10 breaths per hour awake splint incision.
22. What is correct order for donning PPE?
A. Mask first
B. Gloves first
C. Hand hygiene, gown, mask, goggles, gloves - donning
D. No order
Answer: C
Rationale: Donning: hand hygiene gown mask goggles gloves. Doffing: gloves goggles gown mask hand hygiene.
23. A client is on strict intake and output. The client drank 4 oz juice, 8 oz coffee, and voided 350 mL. How should the nurse document intake?
A. 350 mL intake
B. 360 mL intake - 4 oz = 120 mL, 8 oz = 240 mL, total 360 mL intake, output 350 mL
C. 4 oz intake
D. No intake
Answer: B
Rationale: I&O; conversion 1 oz=30 mL, 4 oz=120, 8 oz=240 total 360 mL intake.
24. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Apply restraints immediately
B. Ignore
C. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
D. Leave alone
Answer: C
Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
25. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
B. Apply restraints immediately
C. Leave alone
D. Ignore
Answer: A
Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
26. A nurse is transferring a client from bed to wheelchair. What is safe body mechanics?
A. Bend at waist
Care & Safety Focus - Herzing University LPN
Herzing University LPN | Foundations of Nursing HESI Exam 1 | Complete Questions Verified Answers Grade A | Different
Title 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. I. Foundations of Nursing Fundamentals - Nursing Process ADPIE, Maslow Hierarchy, Safety
2. II. Infection Control - Hand Hygiene Soap Water 20 Seconds vs Alcohol Sanitizer, PPE Donning Doffing Gown Mask Goggles Gloves,
Standard Precautions
3. III. Isolation Precautions - Contact MRSA Wound Gown Gloves, Droplet Influenza Surgical Mask 3 Feet, Airborne TB N95 Private Room
4. IV. Patient Safety - Fall Prevention Morse Fall Scale >45 High Risk Bed Alarm Hourly Rounding Nonslip, Restraints Last Resort, Confusion
Assessment Reorientation
5. V. Skin Integrity - Braden Scale <18 At Risk <16 Moderate <12 High Risk, Pressure Injury Stages Stage1 Intact Redness Stage2 Partial
Thickness Dermis Blister Stage3 Full Thickness Fat Stage4 Bone Muscle Unstageable Slough
6. VI. Mobility and Body Mechanics - Safe Transfer Wide Base Bend Knees Client Close Gait Belt Lock Wheelchair, Reposition q2h Bony
Prominences
7. VII. Hygiene and ADLs - Bathing Privacy Draping, ADLs Bathing Dressing Toileting Feeding Ambulation Grooming, Bed Bath Principles
Dignity
8. VIII. Medication Administration via NG Tube - Check Placement Flush 15-30mL Separate Meds Don't Crush Enteric Coated ER
Compatibility
9. IX. Intake and Output - Conversion 1 oz=30 mL, Strict I&O; Documentation, Fluid Overload Crackles Edema Dyspnea Weight Gain Elevated
BP JVD
10. X. Elimination - CAUTI Prevention Closed Drainage Bag Below Bladder Above Floor No Kinks Perineal Hygiene Early Removal
11. XI. Respiratory Care - Incentive Spirometer Prevent Atelectasis 10 Breaths Per Hour Splint Incision, SCDs Apply Check Circulation
12. XII. Documentation - SOAPIE Subjective Objective Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation, Charting Principles
13. XIII. Professional Standards - Peer Accountability Hand Hygiene Remind Privately Chain, Client Advocacy
14. XIV. Practice Questions - Complete Questions Each Asked Like Real HESI Exam 1
15. XV. Answer Key with Detailed Rationales - Grade A
,FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING HESI EXAM 1 - PRACTICE QUESTIONS - EACH QUESTION ASKED LIKE REAL EXAM
Based on Herzing University LPN Foundations of Nursing HESI Exam 1 Blueprint - Fundamentals of Care Safety Infection Control Mobility Documentation. High Yield.
1. A nurse is caring for a client with indwelling urinary catheter. What action prevents CAUTI?
A. Open system frequently
B. No hygiene needed
C. Leave bag on floor
D. Maintain closed drainage system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, remove as soon as possible, hand hygiene
Answer: D
Rationale: CAUTI prevention: closed system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, early removal, hand hygiene.
2. A nurse is preparing to give bed bath. What principle maintains client dignity?
A. Provide privacy, drape, warm water, explain, allow participation, keep warm, respect
B. Expose entire body
C. No privacy
D. Cold water
Answer: A
Rationale: Bed bath privacy draping warm water explain participation dignity.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with indwelling urinary catheter. What action prevents CAUTI?
A. Open system frequently
B. Leave bag on floor
C. Maintain closed drainage system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, remove as soon as possible, hand hygiene
D. No hygiene needed
Answer: C
Rationale: CAUTI prevention: closed system, bag below bladder above floor, no kinks, perineal hygiene, early removal, hand hygiene.
4. A client reports pain 8/10. The nurse assesses OLDCARTS. What does this include?
A. No assessment
B. Only location
C. Only severity
D. Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Alleviating, Radiation, Timing, Severity - comprehensive pain assessment
Answer: D
Rationale: OLDCARTS pain: Onset Location Duration Character Aggravating Alleviating Radiation Timing Severity.
5. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Leave alone
B. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
C. Ignore
D. Apply restraints immediately
Answer: B
Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
6. A client has stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum. What is description?
A. Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, blister or shallow crater pink-red moist, no slough, no fat visible
B. Intact skin redness
C. Full thickness with bone
D. Unstageable
Answer: A
Rationale: Stage2 partial thickness dermis exposed pink-red moist blister shallow crater no slough fat.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO and receiving IV fluids. What indicates fluid overload?
A. Thirst
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. No signs
D. Crackles, edema, dyspnea, weight gain, elevated BP, JVD, decreased urine output? Actually increased? - assess lung sounds edema
Answer: D
Rationale: Fluid overload: crackles, edema peripheral periorbital, dyspnea, weight gain, elevated BP, JVD, bounding pulse.
8. A nurse is preparing to administer medications through a nasogastric tube. What is the correct action to ensure safe administration?
A. Mix all meds together
B. Crush all enteric-coated meds together
C. Check placement, flush 15-30mL water before and after each med, give meds separately, don't crush enteric-coated/ER, check compatibility
D. Give without flushing
Answer: C
Rationale: NG meds: check placement, flush before/after each med 15-30mL, separate administration, don't crush enteric-coated ER, check
compatibility.
9. A nurse is preparing to give bed bath. What principle maintains client dignity?
, A. Provide privacy, drape, warm water, explain, allow participation, keep warm, respect
B. Cold water
C. No privacy
D. Expose entire body
Answer: A
Rationale: Bed bath privacy draping warm water explain participation dignity.
10. A client reports pain 8/10. The nurse assesses OLDCARTS. What does this include?
A. Only severity
B. Only location
C. Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Alleviating, Radiation, Timing, Severity - comprehensive pain assessment
D. No assessment
Answer: C
Rationale: OLDCARTS pain: Onset Location Duration Character Aggravating Alleviating Radiation Timing Severity.
11. A nurse is teaching a client about hand hygiene. Which statement indicates understanding?
A. No need to wash
B. Hand sanitizer replaces handwashing for C. diff
C. Only water needed
D. Wash hands with soap and water for 20 seconds when visibly soiled or after C. diff/norovirus, use alcohol-based sanitizer when not visibly soiled
Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene: soap water 20 sec when visibly soiled C.diff norovirus, alcohol sanitizer when not visibly soiled.
12. What is correct order for donning PPE?
A. Hand hygiene, gown, mask, goggles, gloves - donning
B. Mask first
C. No order
D. Gloves first
Answer: A
Rationale: Donning: hand hygiene gown mask goggles gloves. Doffing: gloves goggles gown mask hand hygiene.
13. What is purpose of incentive spirometer?
A. Only for COPD
B. No purpose
C. Prevent atelectasis, improve lung expansion, 10 breaths per hour while awake, splint incision, exhale normally inhale slowly
D. Increase pain
Answer: C
Rationale: Incentive spirometer prevents atelectasis improves expansion 10 breaths per hour awake splint incision.
14. A client has stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum. What is description?
A. Unstageable
B. Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, blister or shallow crater pink-red moist, no slough, no fat visible
C. Intact skin redness
D. Full thickness with bone
Answer: B
Rationale: Stage2 partial thickness dermis exposed pink-red moist blister shallow crater no slough fat.
15. A client has stage 2 pressure injury on sacrum. What is description?
A. Full thickness with bone
B. Intact skin redness
C. Partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis, blister or shallow crater pink-red moist, no slough, no fat visible
D. Unstageable
Answer: C
Rationale: Stage2 partial thickness dermis exposed pink-red moist blister shallow crater no slough fat.
16. A nurse is teaching a client about hand hygiene. Which statement indicates understanding?
A. Wash hands with soap and water for 20 seconds when visibly soiled or after C. diff/norovirus, use alcohol-based sanitizer when not visibly soiled
B. Hand sanitizer replaces handwashing for C. diff
C. Only water needed
D. No need to wash
Answer: A
Rationale: Hand hygiene: soap water 20 sec when visibly soiled C.diff norovirus, alcohol sanitizer when not visibly soiled.
17. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Leave alone
B. Apply restraints immediately
C. Ignore
D. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
Answer: D
, Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
18. A client has an order for sequential compression devices (SCDs). What should nurse do?
A. Never remove
B. No check needed
C. Apply properly, remove for skin assessment, check circulation, ensure sleeves not kinked, use while in bed, ambulation when off
D. Leave off continuously
Answer: C
Rationale: SCDs apply properly, remove for skin check circulation check kinks use while in bed.
19. What is purpose of incentive spirometer?
A. Only for COPD
B. Prevent atelectasis, improve lung expansion, 10 breaths per hour while awake, splint incision, exhale normally inhale slowly
C. No purpose
D. Increase pain
Answer: B
Rationale: Incentive spirometer prevents atelectasis improves expansion 10 breaths per hour awake splint incision.
20. A nurse is documenting using SOAPIE. What does it include?
A. Only subjective
B. No plan
C. Only objective
D. Subjective Objective Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation - comprehensive charting
Answer: D
Rationale: SOAPIE Subjective Objective Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation.
21. What is purpose of incentive spirometer?
A. No purpose
B. Only for COPD
C. Increase pain
D. Prevent atelectasis, improve lung expansion, 10 breaths per hour while awake, splint incision, exhale normally inhale slowly
Answer: D
Rationale: Incentive spirometer prevents atelectasis improves expansion 10 breaths per hour awake splint incision.
22. What is correct order for donning PPE?
A. Mask first
B. Gloves first
C. Hand hygiene, gown, mask, goggles, gloves - donning
D. No order
Answer: C
Rationale: Donning: hand hygiene gown mask goggles gloves. Doffing: gloves goggles gown mask hand hygiene.
23. A client is on strict intake and output. The client drank 4 oz juice, 8 oz coffee, and voided 350 mL. How should the nurse document intake?
A. 350 mL intake
B. 360 mL intake - 4 oz = 120 mL, 8 oz = 240 mL, total 360 mL intake, output 350 mL
C. 4 oz intake
D. No intake
Answer: B
Rationale: I&O; conversion 1 oz=30 mL, 4 oz=120, 8 oz=240 total 360 mL intake.
24. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Apply restraints immediately
B. Ignore
C. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
D. Leave alone
Answer: C
Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
25. A client is confused and attempting to get out of bed. What is nurse's priority?
A. Assess cause confusion, reorient, ensure safety bed alarm low bed, nonslip, address needs pain toileting, consider sitter, last resort restraints with
order
B. Apply restraints immediately
C. Leave alone
D. Ignore
Answer: A
Rationale: Confused client safety priority assess cause reorient bed alarm low bed address needs sitter restraints last resort with order.
26. A nurse is transferring a client from bed to wheelchair. What is safe body mechanics?
A. Bend at waist
