NUR 376 Patho 2027 Exam 1 Questions and Answers - Newest
Updated Study Guide with Accurate Solutions - Grade A+
Question 1.
Cellular Chemotaxis
Correct Answer: body releases chemical that dispatch WBC's & platelets
Question 2.
Systemic Responses
Correct Answer: FEVER*, pain, sleepiness, lethargy, anemia, & weight loss
Question 3.
Titer
Correct Answer: the level of antibody within the bloodstream, usually
corresponds with to the level of exposure to the microbe TB, rubella, any
vaccines...
Positive means you have been exposed through infection or vaccine!
Question 4.
HIV
Correct Answer: attacks CD4 cells- normal range 800-1200 cells/mm^3
Becomes significant when below 500, below 200= aids
Question 5.
E-coli
Correct Answer: bacteria are acquired by the fecal-oral route, usually in food
or contaminated water. The bacteria live in the intestines of healthy cattle.
Question 6.
Immunocompetence
Correct Answer: an individual's ability to protect oneself from infectious
agents because of a strong immune system
From a young age builds immune defenses & swiftly eliminates many
microorganisms as threats of infection
Question 7.
immunosuppression
,Correct Answer: indicates that there is a defective immune system that is
placing a person at risk for infections.
Question 8.
opportunistic infection
Correct Answer: which is an infection caused by a microorganism that
flourishes because of a host's deficient immune system
Question 9.
hospital-acquired infection
Correct Answer: A patient infection caused by microorganisms that originated
within the clinical environment
Difficult to treat bc often caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Question 10.
Type I immediate hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: Allergy; person produces many IgE antibodies against a
specific allergen Occurs minutes after contact with allergen; histamine is
released Symptoms include hives, hay fever, asthma, eczema, gastric
disturbances, and anaphylactic shock (a life-threatening severe form)
• Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity -✓✓Igs attack antigens on cell surface
Antibody-mediated cell lysis results Blood transfusion reaction is an example
of a Type II hypersensitivity
Question 11.
Type III immune complex disorders
Correct Answer: occur when antigen combines with Ig within circulation and
these complexes are then deposited in tissues
autoimmine disorders
Question 12.
Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: T cell mediated Previous exposure to antigen primes the T
cells T cell attack does not occur until days after initial exposure (delayed)
Example: poison ivy, transplant rejection Mantoux test for tuberculosis
demonstrates a Type IV hypersensitivity
Question 13.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)-Etiology
, Correct Answer: Cause unknown, risk factors- genetic predisposition and
environmental, estrogen hormones (commonly occurs in women 14- 45-SN),
and immunological elements
Question 14.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)- patho
Correct Answer: Antibodies form immune complexes that are deposited in
organs & tissues such as the skin, heart, joint synovial membranes, glomeruli
of the kidney & lungs This deposit of immune complexes triggers an
inflammation reaction that damages small blood vessels and various organ
membranes The kidneys are particularly susceptible to inflammation in SLE,
termed as Lupus nephritis. The lungs also commonly succumb to inflammatory
changes such as pneumonitis, pleuritic, and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac
involvement in individuals with SLE can cause pericarditis, endocarditis, and
coronary artery disease.
Question 15.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)- clinical manifestations
Correct Answer: S/S- butterfly rash (cheeks & nose), fever (higher than 100F-
REPORT), joints- painful & swollen (SN)
Labs- (SN) Creatinine over 1.3 = bad kidney (kidneys hit the hardest)
Decreased WBC (norm 5000-1000) so below 5000 normal for these pt-
suppressed immune system
Question 16.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)- triggers
Correct Answer: Triggers (4 S's): sun exposure, smokin, stress, sepsis
(infection)
Question 17.
HIV/AIDS etiology
Correct Answer: HIV-1 affects most people in the US HIV-2 most common in
West Africa HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through sexual contact,
shooting of illicit drugs or use of shared needles, and contact with infected
blood. It also can spread from parent to child during pregnancy, childbirth or
breastfeeding.
Question 18.
HIV/AIDS patho
Correct Answer: hallmark is a progressive depletion of CD4 T cells (which are
integral to both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune mechanisms
Updated Study Guide with Accurate Solutions - Grade A+
Question 1.
Cellular Chemotaxis
Correct Answer: body releases chemical that dispatch WBC's & platelets
Question 2.
Systemic Responses
Correct Answer: FEVER*, pain, sleepiness, lethargy, anemia, & weight loss
Question 3.
Titer
Correct Answer: the level of antibody within the bloodstream, usually
corresponds with to the level of exposure to the microbe TB, rubella, any
vaccines...
Positive means you have been exposed through infection or vaccine!
Question 4.
HIV
Correct Answer: attacks CD4 cells- normal range 800-1200 cells/mm^3
Becomes significant when below 500, below 200= aids
Question 5.
E-coli
Correct Answer: bacteria are acquired by the fecal-oral route, usually in food
or contaminated water. The bacteria live in the intestines of healthy cattle.
Question 6.
Immunocompetence
Correct Answer: an individual's ability to protect oneself from infectious
agents because of a strong immune system
From a young age builds immune defenses & swiftly eliminates many
microorganisms as threats of infection
Question 7.
immunosuppression
,Correct Answer: indicates that there is a defective immune system that is
placing a person at risk for infections.
Question 8.
opportunistic infection
Correct Answer: which is an infection caused by a microorganism that
flourishes because of a host's deficient immune system
Question 9.
hospital-acquired infection
Correct Answer: A patient infection caused by microorganisms that originated
within the clinical environment
Difficult to treat bc often caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Question 10.
Type I immediate hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: Allergy; person produces many IgE antibodies against a
specific allergen Occurs minutes after contact with allergen; histamine is
released Symptoms include hives, hay fever, asthma, eczema, gastric
disturbances, and anaphylactic shock (a life-threatening severe form)
• Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity -✓✓Igs attack antigens on cell surface
Antibody-mediated cell lysis results Blood transfusion reaction is an example
of a Type II hypersensitivity
Question 11.
Type III immune complex disorders
Correct Answer: occur when antigen combines with Ig within circulation and
these complexes are then deposited in tissues
autoimmine disorders
Question 12.
Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: T cell mediated Previous exposure to antigen primes the T
cells T cell attack does not occur until days after initial exposure (delayed)
Example: poison ivy, transplant rejection Mantoux test for tuberculosis
demonstrates a Type IV hypersensitivity
Question 13.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)-Etiology
, Correct Answer: Cause unknown, risk factors- genetic predisposition and
environmental, estrogen hormones (commonly occurs in women 14- 45-SN),
and immunological elements
Question 14.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)- patho
Correct Answer: Antibodies form immune complexes that are deposited in
organs & tissues such as the skin, heart, joint synovial membranes, glomeruli
of the kidney & lungs This deposit of immune complexes triggers an
inflammation reaction that damages small blood vessels and various organ
membranes The kidneys are particularly susceptible to inflammation in SLE,
termed as Lupus nephritis. The lungs also commonly succumb to inflammatory
changes such as pneumonitis, pleuritic, and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac
involvement in individuals with SLE can cause pericarditis, endocarditis, and
coronary artery disease.
Question 15.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)- clinical manifestations
Correct Answer: S/S- butterfly rash (cheeks & nose), fever (higher than 100F-
REPORT), joints- painful & swollen (SN)
Labs- (SN) Creatinine over 1.3 = bad kidney (kidneys hit the hardest)
Decreased WBC (norm 5000-1000) so below 5000 normal for these pt-
suppressed immune system
Question 16.
SLE (systemic lupis erythemantous)- triggers
Correct Answer: Triggers (4 S's): sun exposure, smokin, stress, sepsis
(infection)
Question 17.
HIV/AIDS etiology
Correct Answer: HIV-1 affects most people in the US HIV-2 most common in
West Africa HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through sexual contact,
shooting of illicit drugs or use of shared needles, and contact with infected
blood. It also can spread from parent to child during pregnancy, childbirth or
breastfeeding.
Question 18.
HIV/AIDS patho
Correct Answer: hallmark is a progressive depletion of CD4 T cells (which are
integral to both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune mechanisms
