NUR 376 Exam 1
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability
Correct Answer: Inflammation stimulates blood vessel dilation and opening of
capillary pores. Capillary pores allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to
arrive at site of injury.
Question 2.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis
Correct Answer: Chemical signal that calls out to WBC's to site of injury.
Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs are released from the bone marrow and
into the blood stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to determine
type and severity of infection.
Question 3.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses
Correct Answer: Patient experiences symptoms such as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss ** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha,
and ILs are responsible for many of these effects
Question 4.
Mediators of Inflammation (5)
Correct Answer: 1. Cytokines (Interleukins ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and hecidin
,4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
Question 5.
What is acute inflammation?
Correct Answer: Short term inflammatory response that resolves once
infection has been resolved.
Question 6.
What is chronic inflammation?
Correct Answer: Ongoing infection for a long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Question 7.
Stages of Infection (5)
Correct Answer: 1. Incubation Period (no identifiable symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Question 8.
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression
Correct Answer: Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect
oneself from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune system that places person
at higher risk for infection.
Question 9.
Portals of Entry (4)
Correct Answer: 1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
Question 10.
Atrophy
, Correct Answer: "Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to decrease the
demand and increase efficiency.
Question 11.
Metaplasia
Correct Answer: -Replacement of one cell by another cell type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic inflammation
to enable tissue survival
Question 12.
Role of pyrogens in fever
Correct Answer: Activate Prostaglandins to reset the hypothalamic
temperature-regulating center to a higher level
Question 13.
Apoptosis
Correct Answer: Genetically programmed death on cells that has no adverse
effects on body
• Antibody titer -✓✓Level of antibody in the bloodstream and corresponds to
the level of exposure to the microbe
Question 14.
What is the first Ig (immunoglobin) to rise during infection?
Correct Answer: IgM
Question 15.
Innate immunity is?
Correct Answer: 1st line of defense against infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all types of
pathogens
Question 16.
Passive-acquired adaptive immunity
Correct Answer: -Individual given pre made, fully formed antibodies against
an antigen
-Provides immediate but short term immunity.
Ex: Infant acquiring antibodies in breast milk
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability
Correct Answer: Inflammation stimulates blood vessel dilation and opening of
capillary pores. Capillary pores allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to
arrive at site of injury.
Question 2.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis
Correct Answer: Chemical signal that calls out to WBC's to site of injury.
Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs are released from the bone marrow and
into the blood stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to determine
type and severity of infection.
Question 3.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses
Correct Answer: Patient experiences symptoms such as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss ** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha,
and ILs are responsible for many of these effects
Question 4.
Mediators of Inflammation (5)
Correct Answer: 1. Cytokines (Interleukins ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and hecidin
,4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
Question 5.
What is acute inflammation?
Correct Answer: Short term inflammatory response that resolves once
infection has been resolved.
Question 6.
What is chronic inflammation?
Correct Answer: Ongoing infection for a long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Question 7.
Stages of Infection (5)
Correct Answer: 1. Incubation Period (no identifiable symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Question 8.
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression
Correct Answer: Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect
oneself from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune system that places person
at higher risk for infection.
Question 9.
Portals of Entry (4)
Correct Answer: 1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
Question 10.
Atrophy
, Correct Answer: "Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to decrease the
demand and increase efficiency.
Question 11.
Metaplasia
Correct Answer: -Replacement of one cell by another cell type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic inflammation
to enable tissue survival
Question 12.
Role of pyrogens in fever
Correct Answer: Activate Prostaglandins to reset the hypothalamic
temperature-regulating center to a higher level
Question 13.
Apoptosis
Correct Answer: Genetically programmed death on cells that has no adverse
effects on body
• Antibody titer -✓✓Level of antibody in the bloodstream and corresponds to
the level of exposure to the microbe
Question 14.
What is the first Ig (immunoglobin) to rise during infection?
Correct Answer: IgM
Question 15.
Innate immunity is?
Correct Answer: 1st line of defense against infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all types of
pathogens
Question 16.
Passive-acquired adaptive immunity
Correct Answer: -Individual given pre made, fully formed antibodies against
an antigen
-Provides immediate but short term immunity.
Ex: Infant acquiring antibodies in breast milk
