FDNY P-99 LOW PRESSURE BOILER COF – 2025/2026 | COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
CORE DOMAINS
Boiler Fundamentals, Definitions & Classifications
Safety Devices, Controls & Limit Switches
Fuel Oil Systems, Piping & Storage
Combustion, Draft & Ventilation
Boiler Operation, Maintenance & Inspection
FDNY & NYC Building Code Regulations
Emergency Procedures & Troubleshooting
Recordkeeping, Logs & Certificates of Fitness
INTRODUCTION
The FDNY P-99 Low Pressure Boiler Certificate of Fitness Examination assesses the operator's
knowledge and competency to safely supervise low-pressure oil burner systems in New York City. It
evaluates foundational theory, applied operational knowledge, and regulatory compliance specific to
boilers that are not fully automatic or require preheating. The examination employs multiple-choice
questions delivered on a touch-screen monitor, requiring a minimum passing score of 70%. Emphasis
is placed on safety devices, combustion controls, fuel oil system components, and FDNY code
requirements. This practice guide prepares candidates for certification and safe, compliant boiler
operation.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. Low pressure steam boilers are defined as having a maximum operating pressure of:
A. 30 psi
B. 15 psi
C. 100 psi
D. 25 psi
🟢 B. 15 psi
🔴 RATIONALE: Low pressure steam boilers operate at a maximum of 15 psi. This is the fundamental
definition under NYC jurisdiction. High pressure boilers exceed 15 psi.
2. Low pressure hot water boilers are defined as operating at a maximum temperature of:
A. 212°F
B. 250°F
C. 275°F
D. 300°F
🟢 B. 250°F
🔴 RATIONALE: Low pressure hot water boilers operate at a maximum temperature of 250°F. High
pressure hot water boilers exceed 160 psi or 250°F.
3. The main purpose of a safety valve on a boiler is to:
,A. Control steam pressure
B. Prevent overpressure explosions
C. Maintain water level
D. Regulate fuel input
🟢 B. Prevent overpressure explosions
🔴 RATIONALE: The safety valve is the most critical safety device on a boiler. It automatically releases
pressure when it exceeds the set point, preventing catastrophic explosion. It is a fail-safe device.
4. How often must the boiler logbook be updated by the operator?
A. Weekly
B. Daily
C. Monthly
D. Only during inspections
🟢 B. Daily
🔴 RATIONALE: The boiler logbook must be updated daily by the operator. This record documents
water level, pressure, temperature, and any unusual conditions, and is required by FDNY regulations.
5. Which device is used to indicate the water level inside a boiler?
A. Thermostat
B. Sight glass (gauge glass)
C. Safety valve
D. Steam trap
🟢 B. Sight glass (gauge glass)
🔴 RATIONALE: The sight glass (gauge glass) provides a direct visual indication of the water level
inside the boiler. It is the primary means by which the operator monitors water level, which is critical
for safe operation.
6. What is the minimum number of low water cutoffs required on a low pressure boiler?
A. None
B. One
C. Two
D. Three
🟢 B. One
🔴 RATIONALE: At least one low water cutoff is required on a low pressure boiler. This device shuts off
the burner if the water level drops below a safe minimum, preventing overheating and explosion.
7. The primary cause of boiler explosions is:
A. Dirty sight glass
B. Improper water level
C. Excessive chemical treatment
D. Poor insulation
🟢 B. Improper water level
, 🔴 RATIONALE: Low water level is the leading cause of boiler explosions. When water level drops
below safe limits, the metal overheats and weakens, leading to catastrophic failure. This is why low
water cutoffs are mandatory.
8. Which type of boiler system uses expansion tanks?
A. Hot water systems
B. Steam systems
C. Electric boilers only
D. Condensing systems only
🟢 A. Hot water systems
🔴 RATIONALE: Expansion tanks are used in hot water heating systems to accommodate the thermal
expansion of water as it is heated. Steam systems use different components for handling expansion.
9. How often should the operator test the low water cutoff?
A. Once a month
B. Once a day
C. Once a week
D. Once a year
🟢 B. Once a day
🔴 RATIONALE: The low water cutoff should be tested daily to ensure it is functioning properly. This is
a critical safety check that must be performed before boiler operation.
10. The FDNY P-99 Certificate of Fitness is valid for:
A. 1 year
B. 3 years
C. 5 years
D. Indefinitely
🟢 B. 3 years
🔴 RATIONALE: The FDNY P-99 Certificate of Fitness is valid for 3 years from the date of issuance.
Renewal requires payment of a $5.00 fee.
11. What are the three components of the fire triangle?
A. Heat, fuel, and carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen, nitrogen, and fuel
C. Heat, fuel, and oxygen
D. Water, heat, and fuel
🟢 C. Heat, fuel, and oxygen
🔴 RATIONALE: The fire triangle consists of heat (ignition source), fuel (combustible material), and
oxygen (oxidizing agent). Removing any one of these three components will extinguish the fire.
VERIFIED ANSWERS PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
CORE DOMAINS
Boiler Fundamentals, Definitions & Classifications
Safety Devices, Controls & Limit Switches
Fuel Oil Systems, Piping & Storage
Combustion, Draft & Ventilation
Boiler Operation, Maintenance & Inspection
FDNY & NYC Building Code Regulations
Emergency Procedures & Troubleshooting
Recordkeeping, Logs & Certificates of Fitness
INTRODUCTION
The FDNY P-99 Low Pressure Boiler Certificate of Fitness Examination assesses the operator's
knowledge and competency to safely supervise low-pressure oil burner systems in New York City. It
evaluates foundational theory, applied operational knowledge, and regulatory compliance specific to
boilers that are not fully automatic or require preheating. The examination employs multiple-choice
questions delivered on a touch-screen monitor, requiring a minimum passing score of 70%. Emphasis
is placed on safety devices, combustion controls, fuel oil system components, and FDNY code
requirements. This practice guide prepares candidates for certification and safe, compliant boiler
operation.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
1. Low pressure steam boilers are defined as having a maximum operating pressure of:
A. 30 psi
B. 15 psi
C. 100 psi
D. 25 psi
🟢 B. 15 psi
🔴 RATIONALE: Low pressure steam boilers operate at a maximum of 15 psi. This is the fundamental
definition under NYC jurisdiction. High pressure boilers exceed 15 psi.
2. Low pressure hot water boilers are defined as operating at a maximum temperature of:
A. 212°F
B. 250°F
C. 275°F
D. 300°F
🟢 B. 250°F
🔴 RATIONALE: Low pressure hot water boilers operate at a maximum temperature of 250°F. High
pressure hot water boilers exceed 160 psi or 250°F.
3. The main purpose of a safety valve on a boiler is to:
,A. Control steam pressure
B. Prevent overpressure explosions
C. Maintain water level
D. Regulate fuel input
🟢 B. Prevent overpressure explosions
🔴 RATIONALE: The safety valve is the most critical safety device on a boiler. It automatically releases
pressure when it exceeds the set point, preventing catastrophic explosion. It is a fail-safe device.
4. How often must the boiler logbook be updated by the operator?
A. Weekly
B. Daily
C. Monthly
D. Only during inspections
🟢 B. Daily
🔴 RATIONALE: The boiler logbook must be updated daily by the operator. This record documents
water level, pressure, temperature, and any unusual conditions, and is required by FDNY regulations.
5. Which device is used to indicate the water level inside a boiler?
A. Thermostat
B. Sight glass (gauge glass)
C. Safety valve
D. Steam trap
🟢 B. Sight glass (gauge glass)
🔴 RATIONALE: The sight glass (gauge glass) provides a direct visual indication of the water level
inside the boiler. It is the primary means by which the operator monitors water level, which is critical
for safe operation.
6. What is the minimum number of low water cutoffs required on a low pressure boiler?
A. None
B. One
C. Two
D. Three
🟢 B. One
🔴 RATIONALE: At least one low water cutoff is required on a low pressure boiler. This device shuts off
the burner if the water level drops below a safe minimum, preventing overheating and explosion.
7. The primary cause of boiler explosions is:
A. Dirty sight glass
B. Improper water level
C. Excessive chemical treatment
D. Poor insulation
🟢 B. Improper water level
, 🔴 RATIONALE: Low water level is the leading cause of boiler explosions. When water level drops
below safe limits, the metal overheats and weakens, leading to catastrophic failure. This is why low
water cutoffs are mandatory.
8. Which type of boiler system uses expansion tanks?
A. Hot water systems
B. Steam systems
C. Electric boilers only
D. Condensing systems only
🟢 A. Hot water systems
🔴 RATIONALE: Expansion tanks are used in hot water heating systems to accommodate the thermal
expansion of water as it is heated. Steam systems use different components for handling expansion.
9. How often should the operator test the low water cutoff?
A. Once a month
B. Once a day
C. Once a week
D. Once a year
🟢 B. Once a day
🔴 RATIONALE: The low water cutoff should be tested daily to ensure it is functioning properly. This is
a critical safety check that must be performed before boiler operation.
10. The FDNY P-99 Certificate of Fitness is valid for:
A. 1 year
B. 3 years
C. 5 years
D. Indefinitely
🟢 B. 3 years
🔴 RATIONALE: The FDNY P-99 Certificate of Fitness is valid for 3 years from the date of issuance.
Renewal requires payment of a $5.00 fee.
11. What are the three components of the fire triangle?
A. Heat, fuel, and carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen, nitrogen, and fuel
C. Heat, fuel, and oxygen
D. Water, heat, and fuel
🟢 C. Heat, fuel, and oxygen
🔴 RATIONALE: The fire triangle consists of heat (ignition source), fuel (combustible material), and
oxygen (oxidizing agent). Removing any one of these three components will extinguish the fire.
