NSG 316 EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Myocardium
heart muscle that surrounds ventricles and atrium Atria are thinner as they need to pump less strong
2. pericardium
external layer that protects heart from injury/infection
3. endocardium
3 layered membrane that lines heart chambers
4. blockage of coronary arteries can lead to
heart attack or stroke
5. heart failure
increased pressure of cardiac overload -pulm congestion -inc amount of blood in pulm capillaries
6. Left sided heart failure
dyspnea/SOB, pulmonary edema
7. right sided heart failure
blood back up in the periphery and will present with edema
8. cardiomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the heart due to over working to compensate for decreased function
9. frequency
high pitched or low pitched
10. what should you use the diaphragm of a stethoscope for
high pitched, normal sounds
11. what should you use the bell of a stethoscope for
low pitched, abnormal heart sounds, murmurs
12. intensity/loudness
loud or soft
13. duration
short heart sounds, or silent periods
14. timing
systole or diastole
15. carotid artery/pulse
found in the neck. feel one at a time. S1 is felt
16. what is the most diminished pulse in the aging adult
pedal pulse
1
, 17. normal heart sounds
S1 and S2
18. S1 heart sound
-occurs with closure of mitral and tricuspid valves (AV valve) -"lub" sound -loudest at apex (5th intercostal
space at midclavicular line)
19. S2 heart sound
-occurs with closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves) -"dub" sound -loudest at base of
heart (2nd intercostal space)
20. abnormal heart sounds
S3 and S4 sounds, murmurs, and bruits
21. S3 heart sounds
-not usually heard -gallop sound -indication of HF -occurs with ventricular resistance of filling
22. S4 heart sounds
-create vibrations -can be heard right before S1 sound -occurs at end of diastole when ventricles resist
filling
23. murmurs
-from turbulent blood flow -heard directly over heart -gentle blowing/swooshing sound
24. murmur loudness scale
1-3: no thrill 4: feel thrill 5-6: feel and hear thrill 5: hear thrill through stethoscope 6: can hear thrill without
stethoscope
25. timing of murmur
early, middle, late, systole/diastole (S1/S2)
26. murmur pitch
high, medium, low
27. murmur pattern
grows louder or softer
28. murmur quality
musical, flowing, harsh
29. murmur location
valve/space it is heard at
30. murmur radiation
down with blood flow
31. murmur posture
disappear/enhance with different pos.
32. systolic murmur
-heard in between S1 and S2 -Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse
33. diastolic murmur
-heard between S2 and S1 -Atrial/pulmonic stenosis/regurgitation
2
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Myocardium
heart muscle that surrounds ventricles and atrium Atria are thinner as they need to pump less strong
2. pericardium
external layer that protects heart from injury/infection
3. endocardium
3 layered membrane that lines heart chambers
4. blockage of coronary arteries can lead to
heart attack or stroke
5. heart failure
increased pressure of cardiac overload -pulm congestion -inc amount of blood in pulm capillaries
6. Left sided heart failure
dyspnea/SOB, pulmonary edema
7. right sided heart failure
blood back up in the periphery and will present with edema
8. cardiomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the heart due to over working to compensate for decreased function
9. frequency
high pitched or low pitched
10. what should you use the diaphragm of a stethoscope for
high pitched, normal sounds
11. what should you use the bell of a stethoscope for
low pitched, abnormal heart sounds, murmurs
12. intensity/loudness
loud or soft
13. duration
short heart sounds, or silent periods
14. timing
systole or diastole
15. carotid artery/pulse
found in the neck. feel one at a time. S1 is felt
16. what is the most diminished pulse in the aging adult
pedal pulse
1
, 17. normal heart sounds
S1 and S2
18. S1 heart sound
-occurs with closure of mitral and tricuspid valves (AV valve) -"lub" sound -loudest at apex (5th intercostal
space at midclavicular line)
19. S2 heart sound
-occurs with closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves) -"dub" sound -loudest at base of
heart (2nd intercostal space)
20. abnormal heart sounds
S3 and S4 sounds, murmurs, and bruits
21. S3 heart sounds
-not usually heard -gallop sound -indication of HF -occurs with ventricular resistance of filling
22. S4 heart sounds
-create vibrations -can be heard right before S1 sound -occurs at end of diastole when ventricles resist
filling
23. murmurs
-from turbulent blood flow -heard directly over heart -gentle blowing/swooshing sound
24. murmur loudness scale
1-3: no thrill 4: feel thrill 5-6: feel and hear thrill 5: hear thrill through stethoscope 6: can hear thrill without
stethoscope
25. timing of murmur
early, middle, late, systole/diastole (S1/S2)
26. murmur pitch
high, medium, low
27. murmur pattern
grows louder or softer
28. murmur quality
musical, flowing, harsh
29. murmur location
valve/space it is heard at
30. murmur radiation
down with blood flow
31. murmur posture
disappear/enhance with different pos.
32. systolic murmur
-heard in between S1 and S2 -Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse
33. diastolic murmur
-heard between S2 and S1 -Atrial/pulmonic stenosis/regurgitation
2
