Test Bank Essentials of Nursing Leader
B! B! B! B! B!
ship & Management 7th Edition Sally A.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
Weiss Complete All Chapters 2024
B! B! B! B!
,Chapter 1: Nursing Leadership and Management
B! B! B! B! B! B!
MULTIPLE CHOICE B!
1. According to Henri Fayol, the functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlli
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ng are considered which aspect of management?
B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Roles
b. Process
c. Functions
d. Taxonomy
ANS:B!B,B!TheB!managementB!processB!includesB!planning,B!organizing,B!coordinating,B!andB!controlling.B!ManagementB!rolesB!includ
eB!informationB!processing,B!interpersonalB!relationships,B!andB!decisionB!making.B!ManagementB!functionsB!includeB!planning,B!orga
nizing,B!staffing,B!directing,B!coordinating,B!reporting,B!andB!budgeting.B!AB!taxonomyB!isB!aB!systemB!thatB!ordersB!principlesB!intoB!aB!g
roupingB!orB!classification.
2. Which of the following is considered a decisional managerial role?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Disseminator
b. Figurehead
c. Leader
d. Entrepreneur
ANS:B!D,B!TheB!decisionalB!managerialB!rolesB!includeB!entrepreneur,B!disturbanceB!handler,B!allocatorB!ofB!resources,B!andB!negotiator
.B!TheB!informationB!processingB!managerialB!rolesB!includeB!monitor,B!disseminator,B!andB!spokesperson.B!TheB!interpersonalB!manag
erialB!rolesB!includeB!figurehead,B!leader,B!andB!liaison.
3. A nurse manager meets regularly with other nurse managers, participates on the organiz
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ations committees, and attends meetings sponsored by professional organizations in order to m
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
anage relationships. These activities are considered which function of a manager?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Informing
b. Problem solving B!
c. Monitoring
d. Networking
ANS:B!D,B!TheB!roleB!functionsB!toB!manageB!relationshipsB!areB!networking,B!supporting,B!developingB!andB!mentoring,B!managingB!co
nflictB!andB!teamB!building,B!motivatingB!andB!inspiring,B!recognizing,B!andB!rewarding.B!TheB!roleB!functionsB!toB!manageB!theB!workB!a
reB!planningB!andB!organizing,B!problemB!solving,B!clarifyingB!rolesB!andB!objectives,B!informing,B!monitoring,B!consulting,B!andB!dele
gating.
4. A nurse was recently promoted to a middle-
B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
level manager position. The nurses title would most likely be which of the following?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. First-line manager B!
b. Director
c. Vice president of patient care services
B! B! B! B! B!
d. Chief nurse executive
B! B!
ANS:B!B,B!AB!middle-levelB!managerB!isB!calledB!aB!director.B!AB!lowB!managerial-B!levelB!jobB!isB!calledB!theB!first-
lineB!manager.B!AB!nurseB!inB!anB!executiveB!levelB!roleB!isB!calledB!aB!chiefB!nurseB!executiveB!orB!viceB!presidentB!ofB!patientB!careB!servi
ces.
5. A nurse manager who uses Frederick Taylors scientific management approach, would most lik
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ely focus on which of the following?
B! B! B! B! B! B!
, a. General principles B!
b. Positional authority B!
c. Labor productivity
B!
d. Impersonal relations B!
ANS:B!C,B!TheB!areaB!ofB!focusB!forB!scientificB!managementB!isB!laborB!productivity.B!InB!bureaucraticB!theory,B!efficiencyB!isB!achievedB!
throughB!impersonalB!relationsB!withinB!aB!formalB!structureB!andB!isB!basedB!onB!positionalB!authority.B!AdministrativeB!principleB!theor
yB!consistsB!ofB!principlesB!ofB!managementB!thatB!areB!relevantB!toB!anyB!organization.
6. According to Vrooms Theory of Motivation, force:
B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. is the perceived possibility that the goal will be achieved.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
b. describes the amount of effort one will exert to reach ones goal.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
c. describes people who have free will but choose to comply with orders they are given.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
d. is a naturally forming social group that can become a contributor to an organization.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!B,B!AccordingB!toB!VroomsB!TheoryB!ofB!Motivation,B!ForceB!describesB!theB!amountB!ofB!effortB!oneB!willB!exertB!toB!reachB!ones
B!goal.B!ValenceB!speaksB!toB!theB!levelB!ofB!attractivenessB!orB!unattractivenessB!ofB!theB!goal.B!ExpectancyB!isB!theB!perceivedB!possibilit
yB!thatB!theB!goalB!willB!beB!achieved.B!VroomsB!TheoryB!ofB!MotivationB!canB!beB!demonstratedB!inB!theB!formB!ofB!anB!equation:B!ForceB
!=B!ValenceB!ExpectancyB!(Vroom,B!1964).B!TheB!theoryB!proposesB!thatB!thisB!equationB!canB!helpB!toB!predictB!theB! motivation,B!orB!for
ce,B!ofB!anB!individualB!asB!describedB!byB!Vroom.
7. According to R. N. Lussier, motivation:
B! B! B! B! B!
a. is unconsciously demonstrated by people.
B! B! B! B!
b. occurs externally to influence behavior.
B! B! B! B!
c. is determined by others choices.
B! B! B! B!
d. occurs internally to influence behavior.
B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!D,B!MotivationB!isB!aB!processB!thatB!occursB!internallyB!toB!influenceB!andB!directB!ourB!behaviorB!inB!orderB!toB!satisfyB!needs.B!M
otivationB!isB!notB!explicitlyB!demonstratedB!byB!people,B!butB!ratherB!itB!isB!interpretedB!fromB!theirB!behavior.B!MotivationB!isB!whateve
rB!influencesB!ourB!choicesB!andB!createsB!direction,B!intensity,B!andB!persistenceB!inB!ourB!behavior.
8. According to R. N. Lussier, there are content motivation theories and process motivat
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ion theories. Which of the following is considered a process motivation theory?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Equity theory B!
b. Hierarchy of needs theory B! B! B!
c. Existence-relatedness-growth theory B!
d. Hygiene maintenance and motivation factors
B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!A,B!TheB!processB!motivationB!theoriesB!areB!equityB!theoryB!andB!expectancyB!theory.B!TheB!contentB!motivationB!theoriesB!inclu
deB!MaslowsB!hierarchyB!ofB!needsB!theory,B!AldefersB!existence-B!relatedness-
growthB!(ERG)B!theory,B!andB!HerzbergsB!hygieneB!maintenanceB!factorsB!andB!motivationB!factors.
9. The theory that includes maintenance and motivation factors is:
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Maslows hierarchy of needs.B! B! B!
b. Herzbergs two-factor theory. B! B!
c. McGregors theory X and theory Y. B! B! B! B! B!
d. Ouchis theory Z. B! B!
, ANS:B!B,B!TheB!two-
factorB!theoryB!ofB!motivationB!includesB!motivationB!andB!maintenanceB!factors.B!MaslowsB!hierarchyB!ofB!needsB!includesB!theB!followi
ngB!needs:B!physiological,B!safety,B!security,B!belonging,B!andB!self-
actualization.B!InB!theoryB!X,B!employeesB!preferB!security,B!direction,B!andB!minimalB!responsibility.B!InB!theoryB!Y,B!employeesB!enjoyB
!theirB!work,B!showB!self-
controlB!andB!discipline,B!areB!ableB!toB!contributeB!creatively,B!andB!areB!motivatedB!byB!tiesB!toB!theB!group,B!organization,B!andB!theB!wor
kB!itself.B!TheB!focusB!ofB!theoryB!ZB!isB!collectiveB!decisionB!makingB!andB!long-
termB!employmentB!thatB!involvesB!slowerB!promotionsB!andB!lessB!directB!supervision.
10. A nurse is appointed to a leadership position in the local hospital. The nurses position woul
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
d be considered which of the following?
B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Informal leadership B!
b. Formal leadership B!
c. Leadership
d. Management
ANS:B!B,B!FormalB!leadershipB!isB!basedB!onB!occupyingB!aB!positionB!inB!anB!organization.B!InformalB!leadershipB!isB!shownB!byB!anB!in
dividualB!whoB!demonstratesB!leadershipB!outsideB!theB!scopeB!ofB!aB!formalB!leadershipB!roleB!orB!asB!aB!memberB!ofB!aB!group.B!Leaders
hipB!isB!aB!processB!ofB!influenceB!wherebyB!theB!leaderB!influencesB!othersB!towardB!goalB!achievement.B!ManagementB!isB!aB!processB!t
oB!achieveB!organizationalB!goals.
11. A nursing instructor is evaluating whether the nursing students understand the thre
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
e fundamental qualities that leaders share. According to Bennis and Nanus, the fundam
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ental qualities of effective leaders are:
B! B! B! B! B!
a. guided vision, passion, and integrity.
B! B! B! B!
b. knowledge of self, honesty, and maturity.
B! B! B! B! B!
c. intelligence, self-confidence, and determination.
B! B! B!
d. honesty, self-awareness, and sociability.
B! B! B!
ANS:B!ABennisB!andB!NanusB!listB!guidedB!vision,B!passion,B!andB!integrityB!asB!fundamentalB!qualitiesB!ofB!effectiveB!leaders.B!Knowled
geB!ofB!self,B ! honestyB ! andB ! maturity;B ! intelligence,B ! self-confidenceB ! andB ! determination;B ! self-
awarenessB ! andB ! sociabilityB ! areB ! allB ! desirableB!traitsB!inB!leadersB!asB!wellB!asB!inB!others.
12. The six traits identified by Kirkpatrick and Locke that separate leaders from non-leaders were:
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. respectability, trustworthiness, flexibility, self-confidence, intelligence, sociability.
B! B! B! B! B!
b. self-
confidence, progression of experiences, influence of others, personal life factors, honesty, d
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
rive.
c. intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability, honesty.
B! B! B! B! B!
d. drive, desire to lead, honesty, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!D,B!ResearchB!byB!KirkpatrickB!andB!LockeB!concludedB!thatB!leadersB!possessB!sixB!traits:B!drive,B!desireB!toB!lead,B!honesty,B!se
lf-
B!confidence,B!cognitiveB!ability,B!andB!knowledgeB!ofB!theB!business.B! WoodsB!identifiedB!fiveB!dominantB!factorsB!thatB!influencedB!le
adershipB!development:B!self-
confidence,B!innateB!qualities,B!progressionB!ofB!experience,B!influenceB!ofB!significantB!others,B!andB!personalB!lifeB!factors.B!StogdillB
!identifiedB!theB!followingB!traitsB!ofB! aB!leader:B!intelligence,B!self-
B!confidence,B!determination,B!integrity,B!andB ! sociability.B!MurphyB! andB!DeBackB!identifiedB!theB!followingB!leaderB!characteristics
:B!caring,B!respectability,B!trustworthiness,B!andB!flexibility.
13. A nurse manager who uses a leadership style that is participatory and where autho
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
rity is delegated to others is most likely using which of the following leadership styles?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
B! B! B! B! B!
ship & Management 7th Edition Sally A.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
Weiss Complete All Chapters 2024
B! B! B! B!
,Chapter 1: Nursing Leadership and Management
B! B! B! B! B! B!
MULTIPLE CHOICE B!
1. According to Henri Fayol, the functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlli
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ng are considered which aspect of management?
B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Roles
b. Process
c. Functions
d. Taxonomy
ANS:B!B,B!TheB!managementB!processB!includesB!planning,B!organizing,B!coordinating,B!andB!controlling.B!ManagementB!rolesB!includ
eB!informationB!processing,B!interpersonalB!relationships,B!andB!decisionB!making.B!ManagementB!functionsB!includeB!planning,B!orga
nizing,B!staffing,B!directing,B!coordinating,B!reporting,B!andB!budgeting.B!AB!taxonomyB!isB!aB!systemB!thatB!ordersB!principlesB!intoB!aB!g
roupingB!orB!classification.
2. Which of the following is considered a decisional managerial role?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Disseminator
b. Figurehead
c. Leader
d. Entrepreneur
ANS:B!D,B!TheB!decisionalB!managerialB!rolesB!includeB!entrepreneur,B!disturbanceB!handler,B!allocatorB!ofB!resources,B!andB!negotiator
.B!TheB!informationB!processingB!managerialB!rolesB!includeB!monitor,B!disseminator,B!andB!spokesperson.B!TheB!interpersonalB!manag
erialB!rolesB!includeB!figurehead,B!leader,B!andB!liaison.
3. A nurse manager meets regularly with other nurse managers, participates on the organiz
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ations committees, and attends meetings sponsored by professional organizations in order to m
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
anage relationships. These activities are considered which function of a manager?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Informing
b. Problem solving B!
c. Monitoring
d. Networking
ANS:B!D,B!TheB!roleB!functionsB!toB!manageB!relationshipsB!areB!networking,B!supporting,B!developingB!andB!mentoring,B!managingB!co
nflictB!andB!teamB!building,B!motivatingB!andB!inspiring,B!recognizing,B!andB!rewarding.B!TheB!roleB!functionsB!toB!manageB!theB!workB!a
reB!planningB!andB!organizing,B!problemB!solving,B!clarifyingB!rolesB!andB!objectives,B!informing,B!monitoring,B!consulting,B!andB!dele
gating.
4. A nurse was recently promoted to a middle-
B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
level manager position. The nurses title would most likely be which of the following?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. First-line manager B!
b. Director
c. Vice president of patient care services
B! B! B! B! B!
d. Chief nurse executive
B! B!
ANS:B!B,B!AB!middle-levelB!managerB!isB!calledB!aB!director.B!AB!lowB!managerial-B!levelB!jobB!isB!calledB!theB!first-
lineB!manager.B!AB!nurseB!inB!anB!executiveB!levelB!roleB!isB!calledB!aB!chiefB!nurseB!executiveB!orB!viceB!presidentB!ofB!patientB!careB!servi
ces.
5. A nurse manager who uses Frederick Taylors scientific management approach, would most lik
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ely focus on which of the following?
B! B! B! B! B! B!
, a. General principles B!
b. Positional authority B!
c. Labor productivity
B!
d. Impersonal relations B!
ANS:B!C,B!TheB!areaB!ofB!focusB!forB!scientificB!managementB!isB!laborB!productivity.B!InB!bureaucraticB!theory,B!efficiencyB!isB!achievedB!
throughB!impersonalB!relationsB!withinB!aB!formalB!structureB!andB!isB!basedB!onB!positionalB!authority.B!AdministrativeB!principleB!theor
yB!consistsB!ofB!principlesB!ofB!managementB!thatB!areB!relevantB!toB!anyB!organization.
6. According to Vrooms Theory of Motivation, force:
B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. is the perceived possibility that the goal will be achieved.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
b. describes the amount of effort one will exert to reach ones goal.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
c. describes people who have free will but choose to comply with orders they are given.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
d. is a naturally forming social group that can become a contributor to an organization.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!B,B!AccordingB!toB!VroomsB!TheoryB!ofB!Motivation,B!ForceB!describesB!theB!amountB!ofB!effortB!oneB!willB!exertB!toB!reachB!ones
B!goal.B!ValenceB!speaksB!toB!theB!levelB!ofB!attractivenessB!orB!unattractivenessB!ofB!theB!goal.B!ExpectancyB!isB!theB!perceivedB!possibilit
yB!thatB!theB!goalB!willB!beB!achieved.B!VroomsB!TheoryB!ofB!MotivationB!canB!beB!demonstratedB!inB!theB!formB!ofB!anB!equation:B!ForceB
!=B!ValenceB!ExpectancyB!(Vroom,B!1964).B!TheB!theoryB!proposesB!thatB!thisB!equationB!canB!helpB!toB!predictB!theB! motivation,B!orB!for
ce,B!ofB!anB!individualB!asB!describedB!byB!Vroom.
7. According to R. N. Lussier, motivation:
B! B! B! B! B!
a. is unconsciously demonstrated by people.
B! B! B! B!
b. occurs externally to influence behavior.
B! B! B! B!
c. is determined by others choices.
B! B! B! B!
d. occurs internally to influence behavior.
B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!D,B!MotivationB!isB!aB!processB!thatB!occursB!internallyB!toB!influenceB!andB!directB!ourB!behaviorB!inB!orderB!toB!satisfyB!needs.B!M
otivationB!isB!notB!explicitlyB!demonstratedB!byB!people,B!butB!ratherB!itB!isB!interpretedB!fromB!theirB!behavior.B!MotivationB!isB!whateve
rB!influencesB!ourB!choicesB!andB!createsB!direction,B!intensity,B!andB!persistenceB!inB!ourB!behavior.
8. According to R. N. Lussier, there are content motivation theories and process motivat
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ion theories. Which of the following is considered a process motivation theory?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Equity theory B!
b. Hierarchy of needs theory B! B! B!
c. Existence-relatedness-growth theory B!
d. Hygiene maintenance and motivation factors
B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!A,B!TheB!processB!motivationB!theoriesB!areB!equityB!theoryB!andB!expectancyB!theory.B!TheB!contentB!motivationB!theoriesB!inclu
deB!MaslowsB!hierarchyB!ofB!needsB!theory,B!AldefersB!existence-B!relatedness-
growthB!(ERG)B!theory,B!andB!HerzbergsB!hygieneB!maintenanceB!factorsB!andB!motivationB!factors.
9. The theory that includes maintenance and motivation factors is:
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Maslows hierarchy of needs.B! B! B!
b. Herzbergs two-factor theory. B! B!
c. McGregors theory X and theory Y. B! B! B! B! B!
d. Ouchis theory Z. B! B!
, ANS:B!B,B!TheB!two-
factorB!theoryB!ofB!motivationB!includesB!motivationB!andB!maintenanceB!factors.B!MaslowsB!hierarchyB!ofB!needsB!includesB!theB!followi
ngB!needs:B!physiological,B!safety,B!security,B!belonging,B!andB!self-
actualization.B!InB!theoryB!X,B!employeesB!preferB!security,B!direction,B!andB!minimalB!responsibility.B!InB!theoryB!Y,B!employeesB!enjoyB
!theirB!work,B!showB!self-
controlB!andB!discipline,B!areB!ableB!toB!contributeB!creatively,B!andB!areB!motivatedB!byB!tiesB!toB!theB!group,B!organization,B!andB!theB!wor
kB!itself.B!TheB!focusB!ofB!theoryB!ZB!isB!collectiveB!decisionB!makingB!andB!long-
termB!employmentB!thatB!involvesB!slowerB!promotionsB!andB!lessB!directB!supervision.
10. A nurse is appointed to a leadership position in the local hospital. The nurses position woul
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
d be considered which of the following?
B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Informal leadership B!
b. Formal leadership B!
c. Leadership
d. Management
ANS:B!B,B!FormalB!leadershipB!isB!basedB!onB!occupyingB!aB!positionB!inB!anB!organization.B!InformalB!leadershipB!isB!shownB!byB!anB!in
dividualB!whoB!demonstratesB!leadershipB!outsideB!theB!scopeB!ofB!aB!formalB!leadershipB!roleB!orB!asB!aB!memberB!ofB!aB!group.B!Leaders
hipB!isB!aB!processB!ofB!influenceB!wherebyB!theB!leaderB!influencesB!othersB!towardB!goalB!achievement.B!ManagementB!isB!aB!processB!t
oB!achieveB!organizationalB!goals.
11. A nursing instructor is evaluating whether the nursing students understand the thre
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
e fundamental qualities that leaders share. According to Bennis and Nanus, the fundam
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ental qualities of effective leaders are:
B! B! B! B! B!
a. guided vision, passion, and integrity.
B! B! B! B!
b. knowledge of self, honesty, and maturity.
B! B! B! B! B!
c. intelligence, self-confidence, and determination.
B! B! B!
d. honesty, self-awareness, and sociability.
B! B! B!
ANS:B!ABennisB!andB!NanusB!listB!guidedB!vision,B!passion,B!andB!integrityB!asB!fundamentalB!qualitiesB!ofB!effectiveB!leaders.B!Knowled
geB!ofB!self,B ! honestyB ! andB ! maturity;B ! intelligence,B ! self-confidenceB ! andB ! determination;B ! self-
awarenessB ! andB ! sociabilityB ! areB ! allB ! desirableB!traitsB!inB!leadersB!asB!wellB!asB!inB!others.
12. The six traits identified by Kirkpatrick and Locke that separate leaders from non-leaders were:
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. respectability, trustworthiness, flexibility, self-confidence, intelligence, sociability.
B! B! B! B! B!
b. self-
confidence, progression of experiences, influence of others, personal life factors, honesty, d
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
rive.
c. intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, sociability, honesty.
B! B! B! B! B!
d. drive, desire to lead, honesty, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business.
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
ANS:B!D,B!ResearchB!byB!KirkpatrickB!andB!LockeB!concludedB!thatB!leadersB!possessB!sixB!traits:B!drive,B!desireB!toB!lead,B!honesty,B!se
lf-
B!confidence,B!cognitiveB!ability,B!andB!knowledgeB!ofB!theB!business.B! WoodsB!identifiedB!fiveB!dominantB!factorsB!thatB!influencedB!le
adershipB!development:B!self-
confidence,B!innateB!qualities,B!progressionB!ofB!experience,B!influenceB!ofB!significantB!others,B!andB!personalB!lifeB!factors.B!StogdillB
!identifiedB!theB!followingB!traitsB!ofB! aB!leader:B!intelligence,B!self-
B!confidence,B!determination,B!integrity,B!andB ! sociability.B!MurphyB! andB!DeBackB!identifiedB!theB!followingB!leaderB!characteristics
:B!caring,B!respectability,B!trustworthiness,B!andB!flexibility.
13. A nurse manager who uses a leadership style that is participatory and where autho
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
rity is delegated to others is most likely using which of the following leadership styles?
B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B! B!
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
