NR507 / NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
Which cells become sensitized in Type I hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Mast cells and basophils
Question 2.
What mediators are released upon allergen exposure in Type I hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines
Question 3.
What are the major clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased mucus
production
Question 4.
Is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction immediate or delayed?
Correct Answer: Immediate
Question 5.
What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Immune attack on cells displaying altered self‑antigens
Question 6.
How are cells destroyed in Type II hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Through complement activation or antibody‑dependent cell
lysis
Question 7.
What determines symptoms in Type II hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: The tissue or organ where antigen is expressed
‣ What precaution prevents transfusion reactions? ✓✓Blood typing and
cross‑matching
Question 8.
What is formed in Type III hypersensitivity?
,Correct Answer: Antibody-antigen immune complexes
Question 9.
Where do these complexes deposit?
Correct Answer: In vessel walls and tissues systemically
Question 10.
What immune component is activated afterward?
Correct Answer: The complement system
Question 11.
What cells cause most tissue injury?
Correct Answer: Neutrophils
Question 12.
Give examples of Type III disorders.
Correct Answer: SLE, serum sickness, Raynaud phenomenon
Question 13.
What mediates Type IV hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: T lymphocytes and macrophages
Question 14.
When do Type IV reactions appear?
Correct Answer: 48-72 hours after exposure
Question 15.
What happens when T cells encounter antigen?
Correct Answer: They migrate to the site and cause inflammation
Question 16.
What is a granuloma?
Correct Answer: Cluster of immune cells that contain an antigen (Type IV
reaction)
‣ Name autoimmune diseases with Type IV reactions. ✓✓Rheumatoid arthritis,
type 1 diabetes
, Question 17.
What type of virus is HIV?
Correct Answer: RNA retrovirus
Question 18.
What cells does HIV target?
Correct Answer: CD4+ T cells
Question 19.
How does HIV replicate?
Correct Answer: Reverse transcriptase converts RNA → DNA → enters host
genome
Question 20.
What does ART therapy do?
Correct Answer: Suppresses viral replication and restores immune function
Question 21.
How can cancer cause immunodeficiency?
Correct Answer: Through chronic inflammation and immune suppression
Question 22.
Which cancer treatments are immunosuppressive?
Correct Answer: Corticosteroids, antirejection drugs, chemotherapy, radiation
Question 23.
What is SLE?
Correct Answer: Autoimmune disease causing inflammation in multiple organs
Question 24.
What immune defect triggers SLE?
Correct Answer: T‑cell failure to recognize self leads to B‑cell activation and
autoantibodies
Question 25.
Which antibody is characteristic of SLE?
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Question 1.
Which cells become sensitized in Type I hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Mast cells and basophils
Question 2.
What mediators are released upon allergen exposure in Type I hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines
Question 3.
What are the major clinical manifestations of Type I hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased mucus
production
Question 4.
Is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction immediate or delayed?
Correct Answer: Immediate
Question 5.
What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Immune attack on cells displaying altered self‑antigens
Question 6.
How are cells destroyed in Type II hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: Through complement activation or antibody‑dependent cell
lysis
Question 7.
What determines symptoms in Type II hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: The tissue or organ where antigen is expressed
‣ What precaution prevents transfusion reactions? ✓✓Blood typing and
cross‑matching
Question 8.
What is formed in Type III hypersensitivity?
,Correct Answer: Antibody-antigen immune complexes
Question 9.
Where do these complexes deposit?
Correct Answer: In vessel walls and tissues systemically
Question 10.
What immune component is activated afterward?
Correct Answer: The complement system
Question 11.
What cells cause most tissue injury?
Correct Answer: Neutrophils
Question 12.
Give examples of Type III disorders.
Correct Answer: SLE, serum sickness, Raynaud phenomenon
Question 13.
What mediates Type IV hypersensitivity?
Correct Answer: T lymphocytes and macrophages
Question 14.
When do Type IV reactions appear?
Correct Answer: 48-72 hours after exposure
Question 15.
What happens when T cells encounter antigen?
Correct Answer: They migrate to the site and cause inflammation
Question 16.
What is a granuloma?
Correct Answer: Cluster of immune cells that contain an antigen (Type IV
reaction)
‣ Name autoimmune diseases with Type IV reactions. ✓✓Rheumatoid arthritis,
type 1 diabetes
, Question 17.
What type of virus is HIV?
Correct Answer: RNA retrovirus
Question 18.
What cells does HIV target?
Correct Answer: CD4+ T cells
Question 19.
How does HIV replicate?
Correct Answer: Reverse transcriptase converts RNA → DNA → enters host
genome
Question 20.
What does ART therapy do?
Correct Answer: Suppresses viral replication and restores immune function
Question 21.
How can cancer cause immunodeficiency?
Correct Answer: Through chronic inflammation and immune suppression
Question 22.
Which cancer treatments are immunosuppressive?
Correct Answer: Corticosteroids, antirejection drugs, chemotherapy, radiation
Question 23.
What is SLE?
Correct Answer: Autoimmune disease causing inflammation in multiple organs
Question 24.
What immune defect triggers SLE?
Correct Answer: T‑cell failure to recognize self leads to B‑cell activation and
autoantibodies
Question 25.
Which antibody is characteristic of SLE?
