NSG530 / NSG 530 Exam 4 (Latest ):
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Wilkes
Question 1
A 70-year-old female has brittle bones secondary to osteoporosis. Her
PCP prescribes calcitonin to:
A) Inhibit calcium resorption from bones
B) Increase calcium resorption from bones
C) Increase bone formation
D) Decrease bone formation
Answer: A) Inhibit calcium resorption from bones
Explanation: Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity, thereby inhibiting
calcium resorption from bones. This helps reduce bone loss in
osteoporosis.
Question 2
What problem should the nurse assess for in a patient with chronic
hyperparathyroidism?
A) Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures
B) Hypercalcemia
C) Renal calculi
D) All of the above
,Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Chronic hyperparathyroidism leads to excessive bone
resorption, causing osteoporosis and pathologic fractures, as well
as hypercalcemia and renal calculi.
Question 3
A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture secondary to
osteoporosis. This condition is caused by an increase in bone:
A) Resorption
B) Formation
C) Density
D) Mineralization
Answer: A) Resorption
Explanation: Osteoporosis is caused by an increase in bone
resorption (breakdown) relative to bone formation, leading to
decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.
Question 4
Failure of normal self-tolerance is the primary mechanism of:
A) Autoimmune disease
B) Immunodeficiency
C) Hypersensitivity
D) All of the above
,Answer: A) Autoimmune disease
Explanation: Autoimmune diseases result from failure of normal
self-tolerance, leading the immune system to attack the body's own
tissues.
Question 5
To make a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, tenderness must be present in _____
of the 18 points necessary for diagnosis.
A) 11
B) 9
C) 13
D) 15
Answer: A) 11
Explanation: According to the American College of Rheumatology
criteria, fibromyalgia is diagnosed when tenderness is present in at
least 11 of 18 specific tender points.
Question 6
While performing an assessment of a 2-month-old, the nurse notes a
positive Ortolani click. The nurse would suspect the child has:
A) Hip dysplasia
B) Fractured femur
, C) Osteogenesis imperfecta
D) Rickets
Answer: A) Hip dysplasia
Explanation: A positive Ortolani click is a sign of developmental
dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants. It indicates that the femoral
head is dislocated and can be reduced into the acetabulum.
Question 7
A 9-month-old infant was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
following recurrent fractures and findings of osteopenia. This disease is
caused by:
A) A genetic defect
B) A nutritional deficiency
C) An autoimmune reaction
D) A hormonal imbalance
Answer: A) A genetic defect
Explanation: Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by a genetic defect
in collagen synthesis, leading to brittle bones and recurrent
fractures.
Question 8
Which of the following is a characteristic of osteoarthritis?
A) Joint space narrowing
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Wilkes
Question 1
A 70-year-old female has brittle bones secondary to osteoporosis. Her
PCP prescribes calcitonin to:
A) Inhibit calcium resorption from bones
B) Increase calcium resorption from bones
C) Increase bone formation
D) Decrease bone formation
Answer: A) Inhibit calcium resorption from bones
Explanation: Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity, thereby inhibiting
calcium resorption from bones. This helps reduce bone loss in
osteoporosis.
Question 2
What problem should the nurse assess for in a patient with chronic
hyperparathyroidism?
A) Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures
B) Hypercalcemia
C) Renal calculi
D) All of the above
,Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Chronic hyperparathyroidism leads to excessive bone
resorption, causing osteoporosis and pathologic fractures, as well
as hypercalcemia and renal calculi.
Question 3
A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture secondary to
osteoporosis. This condition is caused by an increase in bone:
A) Resorption
B) Formation
C) Density
D) Mineralization
Answer: A) Resorption
Explanation: Osteoporosis is caused by an increase in bone
resorption (breakdown) relative to bone formation, leading to
decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.
Question 4
Failure of normal self-tolerance is the primary mechanism of:
A) Autoimmune disease
B) Immunodeficiency
C) Hypersensitivity
D) All of the above
,Answer: A) Autoimmune disease
Explanation: Autoimmune diseases result from failure of normal
self-tolerance, leading the immune system to attack the body's own
tissues.
Question 5
To make a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, tenderness must be present in _____
of the 18 points necessary for diagnosis.
A) 11
B) 9
C) 13
D) 15
Answer: A) 11
Explanation: According to the American College of Rheumatology
criteria, fibromyalgia is diagnosed when tenderness is present in at
least 11 of 18 specific tender points.
Question 6
While performing an assessment of a 2-month-old, the nurse notes a
positive Ortolani click. The nurse would suspect the child has:
A) Hip dysplasia
B) Fractured femur
, C) Osteogenesis imperfecta
D) Rickets
Answer: A) Hip dysplasia
Explanation: A positive Ortolani click is a sign of developmental
dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants. It indicates that the femoral
head is dislocated and can be reduced into the acetabulum.
Question 7
A 9-month-old infant was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
following recurrent fractures and findings of osteopenia. This disease is
caused by:
A) A genetic defect
B) A nutritional deficiency
C) An autoimmune reaction
D) A hormonal imbalance
Answer: A) A genetic defect
Explanation: Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by a genetic defect
in collagen synthesis, leading to brittle bones and recurrent
fractures.
Question 8
Which of the following is a characteristic of osteoarthritis?
A) Joint space narrowing
