Elitedocs
BIOCHEMISTRY
FOR MEDICAL
PROFESSIONALS
Elitedocs
TSUGIKAZU KOMODA
Saitama Medical University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
TOSHIYUKI MATSUNAGA
Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
Elitedocs
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON
• NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO
• SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Academic Press is an Imprint of Elsevier
Elitedocs
, Elitedocs
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
125, London Wall, EC2Y 5AS, UK
525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA
225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek per-
mission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements
with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing
Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by
the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices,
or medical treatment may become necessary.
Elitedocs
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge
in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety
and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of
products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods,
products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-12-801918-4
For information on all Academic Press publications
visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/
Publisher: Janice Audet
Acquisition Editor: Jill Leonard
Editorial Project Manager: Halima Williams
Production Project Manager: Caroline Johnson
Designer: Mark Rogers
Elitedocs
Typeset by Thomson Digital
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Elitedocs
, Elitedocs
PREFACE
This book has required the full support of every member of our biochemistry
division, whose cooperation and assistance made its completion possible.
The book contains the most recent information on medical biochemistry,
except for vitamins. The preparation and writing of this book required not
only our intellectual focus but also considerable physical strength and stamina
to collect all the information from a wide variety of sources.
Toshiyuki and I are remembering the “Tosa Diary,” written in AD 935
under severe conditions by Tsurayuki Kino, who was determined to follow
his commitment. In addition, my late son was very involved in the early
stages of writing this book. I have composed the following Haiku poem
Elitedocs
which, together with this book, I consider to be a requiem to his memory:
Fragrant olive smells sweet
when hit by the sun in my yard
facing to the outside.
With the birth of my granddaughter five years ago, my heart has softened
and I am now one very happy grandfather.
I would like to thank Mr Brian Paul Lewis for his hard work in helping
to review and rewrite this book.
Tsugikazu Komoda, at the clock tower in Kawagoe.
Elitedocs
ix
Elitedocs
, Elitedocs
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Abstract
Biochemistry includes not only biological and chemical materials in the living body, but
also homeostasis and cross-communications between biological and chemical materi-
als and components, which may be analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Bio-
chemistry investigates the maintenance and preservation of life, addressing the physi-
ological role of biological and chemical materials. The goal of biochemistry is focused
on the survival of living organisms.
The processes of life are biochemical. Biological and chemical substances
Elitedocs
combine in the living body, which not only is an aggregate of biological
and chemical materials, but also forms the systems with which an organism
can reproduce itself.Thus, the components that manage the metabolism and
reproduction of living organisms are more than just the biological materials,
but also include structural information: the nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, pro-
teins and enzyme systems of the materials and building blocks of biological
and chemical substances that make up life. Precise and delicate chemical
systems are found, such as the structure that carries out self-multiplication
of the chemical potential used as the metabolic pathway and the driving
force of complex systems of energy metabolism and reproducing genetic
material. Biochemistry in a broad sense is understood to be an inclusive
science for the study of all forms of life, including comprehensive detail of
both biology and chemistry. The study of the biomolecules that make up
organisms and their environment has become a major field of research in
medical science.
Experimentation in Eppendorf tubes (in vitro) reveals the biochemical
properties of the study and science of biology, and expands our under-
Elitedocs
standing of the structure of all life. Experiments carried out in the living
body (in vivo) demonstrate the physiological roles in the body. Moreover,
since a biomembrane is comprised of membrane proteins and lipids, we see
not only the formation of the organelles in the cells, but also previously
unknown roles of the cross-communication between biological materials
and living cells. This field of study has developed rapidly into the area of
biochemistry research.
Biochemistry for Medical Professionals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801918-4.00001-3
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Elitedocs
BIOCHEMISTRY
FOR MEDICAL
PROFESSIONALS
Elitedocs
TSUGIKAZU KOMODA
Saitama Medical University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
TOSHIYUKI MATSUNAGA
Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
Elitedocs
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON
• NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO
• SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Academic Press is an Imprint of Elsevier
Elitedocs
, Elitedocs
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
125, London Wall, EC2Y 5AS, UK
525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA
225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek per-
mission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements
with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing
Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by
the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices,
or medical treatment may become necessary.
Elitedocs
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge
in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety
and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of
products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods,
products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-12-801918-4
For information on all Academic Press publications
visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/
Publisher: Janice Audet
Acquisition Editor: Jill Leonard
Editorial Project Manager: Halima Williams
Production Project Manager: Caroline Johnson
Designer: Mark Rogers
Elitedocs
Typeset by Thomson Digital
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Elitedocs
, Elitedocs
PREFACE
This book has required the full support of every member of our biochemistry
division, whose cooperation and assistance made its completion possible.
The book contains the most recent information on medical biochemistry,
except for vitamins. The preparation and writing of this book required not
only our intellectual focus but also considerable physical strength and stamina
to collect all the information from a wide variety of sources.
Toshiyuki and I are remembering the “Tosa Diary,” written in AD 935
under severe conditions by Tsurayuki Kino, who was determined to follow
his commitment. In addition, my late son was very involved in the early
stages of writing this book. I have composed the following Haiku poem
Elitedocs
which, together with this book, I consider to be a requiem to his memory:
Fragrant olive smells sweet
when hit by the sun in my yard
facing to the outside.
With the birth of my granddaughter five years ago, my heart has softened
and I am now one very happy grandfather.
I would like to thank Mr Brian Paul Lewis for his hard work in helping
to review and rewrite this book.
Tsugikazu Komoda, at the clock tower in Kawagoe.
Elitedocs
ix
Elitedocs
, Elitedocs
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Abstract
Biochemistry includes not only biological and chemical materials in the living body, but
also homeostasis and cross-communications between biological and chemical materi-
als and components, which may be analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Bio-
chemistry investigates the maintenance and preservation of life, addressing the physi-
ological role of biological and chemical materials. The goal of biochemistry is focused
on the survival of living organisms.
The processes of life are biochemical. Biological and chemical substances
Elitedocs
combine in the living body, which not only is an aggregate of biological
and chemical materials, but also forms the systems with which an organism
can reproduce itself.Thus, the components that manage the metabolism and
reproduction of living organisms are more than just the biological materials,
but also include structural information: the nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, pro-
teins and enzyme systems of the materials and building blocks of biological
and chemical substances that make up life. Precise and delicate chemical
systems are found, such as the structure that carries out self-multiplication
of the chemical potential used as the metabolic pathway and the driving
force of complex systems of energy metabolism and reproducing genetic
material. Biochemistry in a broad sense is understood to be an inclusive
science for the study of all forms of life, including comprehensive detail of
both biology and chemistry. The study of the biomolecules that make up
organisms and their environment has become a major field of research in
medical science.
Experimentation in Eppendorf tubes (in vitro) reveals the biochemical
properties of the study and science of biology, and expands our under-
Elitedocs
standing of the structure of all life. Experiments carried out in the living
body (in vivo) demonstrate the physiological roles in the body. Moreover,
since a biomembrane is comprised of membrane proteins and lipids, we see
not only the formation of the organelles in the cells, but also previously
unknown roles of the cross-communication between biological materials
and living cells. This field of study has developed rapidly into the area of
biochemistry research.
Biochemistry for Medical Professionals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801918-4.00001-3
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Elitedocs
