PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY,
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,Sarcomere stretch beyond 2.2 microns is the physiologic CHF
mechanism behind which condition?
A female patient is taking amlodipine 10 mg daily, which Amlodipine is more efficacious than losartan
controlled her blood pressure, but she could not tolerate
the side effects. She was switched to losartan 100 mg daily,
but her blood pressure never achieved goal. Which
statement best characterizes the clinical comparison of
these two medications?
During a routine health assessment, the NP appreciates a A cup-to-disk ratio of 70%.
decrease in peripheral vision bilaterally while performing
visual field assessment by confrontation. Consequently, the
NP anticipates which of the following findings during
fundoscopic assessment?
A 66-year-old woman presents with a complaint of a 4-day An erythrocyte sedimentation rate
history of a unilateral headache that will not go away despite
taking ibuprofen and acetaminophen. She has a history of
hypertension that is usually well controlled with an ACE
inhibitor, but today her blood pressure is 162/92 mm Hg.
During the HPI she admits that she has had some transient
visual loss over the few days, but it has been very short lived
and resolves completely. The next step in the evaluation of
this patient should include:
Which information best describes the pathophysiology of Dysregulation of neurotransmitters in relevant pathways
most mental health disorders?
The commonality among all seizure etiologies is:
Increased neuron excitability
The NP is managing a patient newly diagnosed with Propranolol blocks the action of the sympathetic nervous system in all body systems and
essential tremor disorder and prescribed propranolol. The so it will calm many things, including the tremors
patient did an internet search for the medication and wants
to know how a “heart medication” can make her stop having
hand tremors. What is the best explanation for this patient?
, A 48-year-old man presents with a complaint of a 3-week Pain with straight leg raise
history of intermittent shooting pain that runs down the
buttocks and left leg. Suspecting sciatica, the NP would
expect which of the following during physical examination?
During the routine wellness examination of a 12-year-old Order an echocardiogram
male patient, the NP appreciates a grade II/VI systolic
murmur at the apex while the patient is lying on the exam
table. The murmur is louder when the patient moves to the
sitting position, appreciated at grade IV/VI. The cardiac
history and review of symptoms is negative. The appropriate
approach to this patient is to:
A 57-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of fever,
dyspnea, and a purulent cough. Auscultation of the lungs Dullness
identifies an area of egophony in the lower left lobe.
Palpation reveals increased tactile fremitus. The NP expects
which of the following percussion findings?
The NP is learning about anginal chest pain unresponsive to The mitochondrial membrane ruptures
nitroglycerin, when does necrotic injury occur?
A 35-year-old female is skiing fast down a steep trail. She
falls forward and lands on an abducted and extended arm. Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint.
She immediately feels a pop, has exquisite pain over her
right upper shoulder, and has no sensation in her right hand.
Her diagnosis is most likely:
The NP is evaluating a patient with markedly elevated blood
pressure that is unresponsive to traditional medications. There Hyperaldosteronism
is some mild pedal edema, but other than the elevated BP, the
physical exam is essentially normal. A metabolic panel reveals
the following:
Na+ 151 mEq/LK+ 3.0 mEq/LCl- 114 mEq/LCO2 28 mEq/LBUN
10 mg/dLCreatinine 0.9 mg/dL
The NP considers which of the following as a secondary cause
of hypertension in this patient?