Barkley 3Ps Review Exam Practice
Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationale 2026
Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1.
A patient with chronic heart failure develops peripheral edema.
Which mechanism best explains this finding?
A. Decreased aldosterone secretion
B. Increased renal sodium and water retention
C. Increased glomerular filtration
D. Decreased sympathetic activity
Answer: B. Increased renal sodium and water retention
Reduced cardiac output activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, promoting sodium and water retention and contributing to
edema.
2.
Which cellular adaptation occurs when a tissue increases the size of
existing cells in response to increased workload?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
,Answer: C. Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is an increase in individual cell size. Hyperplasia is an
increase in cell number.
3.
A patient with a severe bacterial infection develops fever,
tachycardia, and hypotension. Which condition should be suspected?
A. Cardiogenic shock
B. Septic shock
C. Neurogenic shock
D. Hypovolemic shock
Answer: B. Septic shock
Septic shock results from dysregulated systemic infection and
vasodilation, often producing hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion.
4.
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with metabolic acidosis?
A. pH 7.50
B. HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L
C. pH 7.25
D. PaCO₂ 25 mm Hg
Answer: C. pH 7.25
A blood pH below 7.35 indicates acidemia. Metabolic acidosis is
characterized primarily by decreased bicarbonate.
5.
,A patient with prolonged vomiting is most likely to develop which
acid-base disturbance?
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Answer: A. Metabolic alkalosis
Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid through prolonged vomiting can
produce metabolic alkalosis.
6.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing serum
calcium?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Insulin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B. Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium through effects on
bone, kidney, and indirectly the gastrointestinal tract.
7.
A patient with type 1 diabetes develops polyuria and polydipsia.
Which mechanism is primarily responsible?
A. Excess insulin secretion
B. Glucose-induced water retention
C. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
D. Increased aldosterone secretion
, Answer: C. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
When serum glucose exceeds renal reabsorptive capacity, glucose
remains in the urine and draws water with it.
8.
Which finding is most characteristic of left-sided heart failure?
A. Ascites
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Pulmonary crackles
D. Dependent peripheral edema only
Answer: C. Pulmonary crackles
Left ventricular failure increases pulmonary venous pressure, causing
pulmonary congestion and crackles.
9.
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has an
increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. This finding is
commonly called:
A. Barrel chest
B. Funnel chest
C. Pigeon chest
D. Flail chest
Answer: A. Barrel chest
Chronic hyperinflation associated with emphysema can increase the
anterior-posterior diameter of the thorax.
10.
Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationale 2026
Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1.
A patient with chronic heart failure develops peripheral edema.
Which mechanism best explains this finding?
A. Decreased aldosterone secretion
B. Increased renal sodium and water retention
C. Increased glomerular filtration
D. Decreased sympathetic activity
Answer: B. Increased renal sodium and water retention
Reduced cardiac output activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, promoting sodium and water retention and contributing to
edema.
2.
Which cellular adaptation occurs when a tissue increases the size of
existing cells in response to increased workload?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
,Answer: C. Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is an increase in individual cell size. Hyperplasia is an
increase in cell number.
3.
A patient with a severe bacterial infection develops fever,
tachycardia, and hypotension. Which condition should be suspected?
A. Cardiogenic shock
B. Septic shock
C. Neurogenic shock
D. Hypovolemic shock
Answer: B. Septic shock
Septic shock results from dysregulated systemic infection and
vasodilation, often producing hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion.
4.
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with metabolic acidosis?
A. pH 7.50
B. HCO₃⁻ 32 mEq/L
C. pH 7.25
D. PaCO₂ 25 mm Hg
Answer: C. pH 7.25
A blood pH below 7.35 indicates acidemia. Metabolic acidosis is
characterized primarily by decreased bicarbonate.
5.
,A patient with prolonged vomiting is most likely to develop which
acid-base disturbance?
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Answer: A. Metabolic alkalosis
Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid through prolonged vomiting can
produce metabolic alkalosis.
6.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing serum
calcium?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Insulin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B. Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium through effects on
bone, kidney, and indirectly the gastrointestinal tract.
7.
A patient with type 1 diabetes develops polyuria and polydipsia.
Which mechanism is primarily responsible?
A. Excess insulin secretion
B. Glucose-induced water retention
C. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
D. Increased aldosterone secretion
, Answer: C. Osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia
When serum glucose exceeds renal reabsorptive capacity, glucose
remains in the urine and draws water with it.
8.
Which finding is most characteristic of left-sided heart failure?
A. Ascites
B. Jugular venous distention
C. Pulmonary crackles
D. Dependent peripheral edema only
Answer: C. Pulmonary crackles
Left ventricular failure increases pulmonary venous pressure, causing
pulmonary congestion and crackles.
9.
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has an
increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. This finding is
commonly called:
A. Barrel chest
B. Funnel chest
C. Pigeon chest
D. Flail chest
Answer: A. Barrel chest
Chronic hyperinflation associated with emphysema can increase the
anterior-posterior diameter of the thorax.
10.
