NREMT Paramedic Prep EXAM [2026/2027] | DETAILED
SOLUTIONS | CORRECT ANSWERS | EXAM PREPARATION
• Most severe dysrhythmia of the heart -✓✓ Asystole
• Asystole -✓✓ indicates no electrical activity in the heart
• PEA -✓✓ indicates some residual electrical activity within the heart, but not enough for
a pulse
• Ventricular fibrillation -✓✓ shockable rhythm, heart rhythm problem that occurs when
the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. This causes pumping chambers in
your heart (the ventricles) to quiver uselessly, instead of pumping blood.
• Ventricular tachycardia -✓✓ shockable rhythm, in which the lower chambers of your
heart (ventricles) beat very quickly because of a problem in your heart's electrical
system.
your heart may not be able to pump enough blood to your body and lungs because the
chambers are beating so fast that they don't have time to properly fill.
• Cushing's triad -✓✓ Sing of increased intracranial pressure
3 sings
1. Brachicardia
2. hypertension
3. Altered respirations
• After your paramedic partner has intubated an adult cardiac arrest patient, you are
providing ventilations as a firefighter performs chest compressions. When ventilating the
patient, you should? -✓✓ Deliver each breathe over 1 second at a rate of 8 to 10
breathes per minute
When an advanced airway is in place, there is no pause in chest compressions to
deliver breaths.
• An airway that is not completely obstructed -✓✓ encourage to cough, heimlich is only
performed on complete obstructions
• Infant respiratory rate -✓✓ 25-50
• Bradycardia -✓✓ The condition of having a slow heartbeat, defined as under 60 beats
per minute for an adult.
• Hypertension -✓✓ progressively increasing systolic blood pressure, leading to
widening pulse pressure
,• Mediastinum -✓✓ Region in mammals including the thoracic area just not the lungs, so
the heart the trachea, the thymus gland are all included in it
• What are the two methods for opening the airway of an unconscious patient?
When would you use one over the other? -✓✓ Jaw-thrust and head-tilt chin-lift
spine injury
• What is the main complication of suctioning the airway for more than 10 seconds? -✓✓
Could lead to hypoxia
• What flow rate for a nasal cannula and when should it be used -✓✓ Flow rate: 1-6 lpm
When it's used: Nasal cannulas are used to deliver oxygen when a low flow, low or
medium concentration is required, and the patient is in a stable state.
• When should you use a NRM and at what flow rate? -✓✓ Use when patent needs
oxygen but can breath on their own and is getting sufficient tidal volume and O2
percent, flow rate of 10-15 lpm
• When should you use a bag-valve mask and at what flow rate? -✓✓ Use when patient
is unconscious and not breathing adequately or isn't getting enough O2 or has stopped
breathing, use 10-15 lpm, if patient is breathing less than 12 times a min or more than
24 use BVM and check to see if it's working by looking at rise and fall of chest
• How would you ventilate a patient who has a Stoma? -✓✓ If there is a tracheostomy
tube in place put the BVM on that and ventilate (after taking mask off) if no tube put a
special mask over the stoma and if you don't have a special tracheostomy stoma mask
use a child or infant BVM mask
cover nose and mouth
• What is the medicine inside an MDI and how does it work? -✓✓ A metered-dose
inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs, in
the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the
patient via inhalation.
Medications are things like Bronchodilators like albuterol
• What are the indications of a MDI? -✓✓ patients with known COPD or asthma with
acute exacerbations.
patients without known respiratory disease who exhibit expiratory wheezing.
must be prescribed
• What are the contraindications of a MDI? -✓✓ Airflow obstruction due to foreign body
Airflow obstruction and an MI
Not used as the first drug to help with congestive heart failure
Hypersensitivity, tachycardia, MI.
,• What can albuterol treat? -✓✓ Albuterol can quickly relieve shortness of breath,
coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness.
relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs.
• Administering MDI -✓✓ Shake for 30 sec, administer while patient inhales and
encourage to hold breath
• Dyspnea -✓✓ Difficult or labored breathing
• Retractions -✓✓ Sign of increased muscle use for breathing, sings of someone having
difficulty breathing
• Belly breathing -✓✓ Seeing the chest rise when a child is breathing because their
ribcage muscles are not developed enough to get enough air, ok if the tidal volume and
breathing rate are normal
• Auscultations -✓✓ Listening to the heart or lungs with stethoscope
• What does pulse oximetry measure? -✓✓ Measures the O2 saturation of someones
blood
• What are three conditions that can give a false pulse oximetry reading? -✓✓ Dark nail
polish
Patient moving too much
Dust and dirt
Hand tremors
The 3 conditions: peripheral vascular disease, vasoconstrictor medications, severe
hypotension and hypothermia.
• peripheral vascular disease -✓✓ narrowing of the blood vessels that carry blood to the
extremities
• hypotension -✓✓ abnormally low blood pressure, caused by sudden loss of blood
(shock), severe infection, heart attack, or severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
• hypothermia -✓✓ Being severely cold
Decreasing mental status, Decreasing motor and sensory function and Changing vital
signs.
Early or superficial cold injury usually involves the tips of ears, the nose the tips of toes
and fingers, and the chin
Late or deep cold injury involves both the skin and tissue beneath it
The pulse, breathing, and blood pressure are difficult to assess in a hypothermic
patient.
A pt with a core body temp of 95 or less is considered hypothermic
, • How does Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) affect a patient's
respiratory effort and breathing? -✓✓ Pursed lips, barrel chest, tripoding, loss of
elasticity of the lungs, dry cough, dyspnea
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) describes a group of lung conditions
(diseases) that make it difficult to empty the air out of the lungs. This difficulty can lead
to shortness of breath (also called breathlessness) or the feeling of being tired
• What treatment would you administer to a patient with difficulty breathing due to
COPD? -✓✓ Position of comfort and administer O2 with NRM or PPV w/ BVM
MDI
• How does Emphysema affect a patient's respiratory effort and breathing? -✓✓ •
Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
• Tachypnea (accelerated breathing)
• Expiatory Wheezes
• Retractions
• Pursed lip
• Dry cough
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Barrel chest
• Hypoxic drive- based on 02 levels in lungs, low 02 levels tell you to breath
Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease where there is over-inflation of the air sacs
(alveoli) in the lungs, causing a decrease in lung function, and often, breathlessness.
• What treatment would you administer to a patient with difficulty breathing due to
Emphysema? -✓✓ ♣ Position of comfort
♣ O2
• 2-4L/min
• Re-evaluate/adjust
• PPV BVM
• DO NOT WITHHOLD O2
Metered-dose-inhaler/ Bronchodilator
• When a patient states that they are having an asthma attack, what is happening inside
their body? -✓✓ • Allergic reaction creating a spasm of the airways; difficulty exchanging
air
• What treatment would you administer for a patient having an asthma attack? -✓✓
Their inhaler that is not expired
• Position of comfort (tripod)
• O2
o NRM 10-15L/min
o Humidified
o PPV BVM
o Pt.'s Inhaler (do not administer yourself), albuterol
SOLUTIONS | CORRECT ANSWERS | EXAM PREPARATION
• Most severe dysrhythmia of the heart -✓✓ Asystole
• Asystole -✓✓ indicates no electrical activity in the heart
• PEA -✓✓ indicates some residual electrical activity within the heart, but not enough for
a pulse
• Ventricular fibrillation -✓✓ shockable rhythm, heart rhythm problem that occurs when
the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. This causes pumping chambers in
your heart (the ventricles) to quiver uselessly, instead of pumping blood.
• Ventricular tachycardia -✓✓ shockable rhythm, in which the lower chambers of your
heart (ventricles) beat very quickly because of a problem in your heart's electrical
system.
your heart may not be able to pump enough blood to your body and lungs because the
chambers are beating so fast that they don't have time to properly fill.
• Cushing's triad -✓✓ Sing of increased intracranial pressure
3 sings
1. Brachicardia
2. hypertension
3. Altered respirations
• After your paramedic partner has intubated an adult cardiac arrest patient, you are
providing ventilations as a firefighter performs chest compressions. When ventilating the
patient, you should? -✓✓ Deliver each breathe over 1 second at a rate of 8 to 10
breathes per minute
When an advanced airway is in place, there is no pause in chest compressions to
deliver breaths.
• An airway that is not completely obstructed -✓✓ encourage to cough, heimlich is only
performed on complete obstructions
• Infant respiratory rate -✓✓ 25-50
• Bradycardia -✓✓ The condition of having a slow heartbeat, defined as under 60 beats
per minute for an adult.
• Hypertension -✓✓ progressively increasing systolic blood pressure, leading to
widening pulse pressure
,• Mediastinum -✓✓ Region in mammals including the thoracic area just not the lungs, so
the heart the trachea, the thymus gland are all included in it
• What are the two methods for opening the airway of an unconscious patient?
When would you use one over the other? -✓✓ Jaw-thrust and head-tilt chin-lift
spine injury
• What is the main complication of suctioning the airway for more than 10 seconds? -✓✓
Could lead to hypoxia
• What flow rate for a nasal cannula and when should it be used -✓✓ Flow rate: 1-6 lpm
When it's used: Nasal cannulas are used to deliver oxygen when a low flow, low or
medium concentration is required, and the patient is in a stable state.
• When should you use a NRM and at what flow rate? -✓✓ Use when patent needs
oxygen but can breath on their own and is getting sufficient tidal volume and O2
percent, flow rate of 10-15 lpm
• When should you use a bag-valve mask and at what flow rate? -✓✓ Use when patient
is unconscious and not breathing adequately or isn't getting enough O2 or has stopped
breathing, use 10-15 lpm, if patient is breathing less than 12 times a min or more than
24 use BVM and check to see if it's working by looking at rise and fall of chest
• How would you ventilate a patient who has a Stoma? -✓✓ If there is a tracheostomy
tube in place put the BVM on that and ventilate (after taking mask off) if no tube put a
special mask over the stoma and if you don't have a special tracheostomy stoma mask
use a child or infant BVM mask
cover nose and mouth
• What is the medicine inside an MDI and how does it work? -✓✓ A metered-dose
inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs, in
the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the
patient via inhalation.
Medications are things like Bronchodilators like albuterol
• What are the indications of a MDI? -✓✓ patients with known COPD or asthma with
acute exacerbations.
patients without known respiratory disease who exhibit expiratory wheezing.
must be prescribed
• What are the contraindications of a MDI? -✓✓ Airflow obstruction due to foreign body
Airflow obstruction and an MI
Not used as the first drug to help with congestive heart failure
Hypersensitivity, tachycardia, MI.
,• What can albuterol treat? -✓✓ Albuterol can quickly relieve shortness of breath,
coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness.
relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs.
• Administering MDI -✓✓ Shake for 30 sec, administer while patient inhales and
encourage to hold breath
• Dyspnea -✓✓ Difficult or labored breathing
• Retractions -✓✓ Sign of increased muscle use for breathing, sings of someone having
difficulty breathing
• Belly breathing -✓✓ Seeing the chest rise when a child is breathing because their
ribcage muscles are not developed enough to get enough air, ok if the tidal volume and
breathing rate are normal
• Auscultations -✓✓ Listening to the heart or lungs with stethoscope
• What does pulse oximetry measure? -✓✓ Measures the O2 saturation of someones
blood
• What are three conditions that can give a false pulse oximetry reading? -✓✓ Dark nail
polish
Patient moving too much
Dust and dirt
Hand tremors
The 3 conditions: peripheral vascular disease, vasoconstrictor medications, severe
hypotension and hypothermia.
• peripheral vascular disease -✓✓ narrowing of the blood vessels that carry blood to the
extremities
• hypotension -✓✓ abnormally low blood pressure, caused by sudden loss of blood
(shock), severe infection, heart attack, or severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
• hypothermia -✓✓ Being severely cold
Decreasing mental status, Decreasing motor and sensory function and Changing vital
signs.
Early or superficial cold injury usually involves the tips of ears, the nose the tips of toes
and fingers, and the chin
Late or deep cold injury involves both the skin and tissue beneath it
The pulse, breathing, and blood pressure are difficult to assess in a hypothermic
patient.
A pt with a core body temp of 95 or less is considered hypothermic
, • How does Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) affect a patient's
respiratory effort and breathing? -✓✓ Pursed lips, barrel chest, tripoding, loss of
elasticity of the lungs, dry cough, dyspnea
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) describes a group of lung conditions
(diseases) that make it difficult to empty the air out of the lungs. This difficulty can lead
to shortness of breath (also called breathlessness) or the feeling of being tired
• What treatment would you administer to a patient with difficulty breathing due to
COPD? -✓✓ Position of comfort and administer O2 with NRM or PPV w/ BVM
MDI
• How does Emphysema affect a patient's respiratory effort and breathing? -✓✓ •
Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
• Tachypnea (accelerated breathing)
• Expiatory Wheezes
• Retractions
• Pursed lip
• Dry cough
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Barrel chest
• Hypoxic drive- based on 02 levels in lungs, low 02 levels tell you to breath
Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease where there is over-inflation of the air sacs
(alveoli) in the lungs, causing a decrease in lung function, and often, breathlessness.
• What treatment would you administer to a patient with difficulty breathing due to
Emphysema? -✓✓ ♣ Position of comfort
♣ O2
• 2-4L/min
• Re-evaluate/adjust
• PPV BVM
• DO NOT WITHHOLD O2
Metered-dose-inhaler/ Bronchodilator
• When a patient states that they are having an asthma attack, what is happening inside
their body? -✓✓ • Allergic reaction creating a spasm of the airways; difficulty exchanging
air
• What treatment would you administer for a patient having an asthma attack? -✓✓
Their inhaler that is not expired
• Position of comfort (tripod)
• O2
o NRM 10-15L/min
o Humidified
o PPV BVM
o Pt.'s Inhaler (do not administer yourself), albuterol
