TEST BANK RATIONALE: NUR 635
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ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EX = = =
AM (GCU 2026/2027 UPDATED)
= = =
A+ GRADE =
=
Section 1: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
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1. Pharmacokinetics includes which of the following processes = = = = = =
? =
• A. Potency, efficacy, and toxicity
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• B. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
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• C. Receptor binding, signal transduction, and physiologic
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= response =
• D. Side effects, adverse effects, and drug interactions
= = = = = = = =
Answer: B = =
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the
= = = = = = = = =
drug—
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) .
= = = = = = =
Pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body,= = = = = = = =
,including receptor binding, signal transduction, and physiologic
= = = = = = = =
effects . = =
Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Pharmacokinetics
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| Reference: Pharmacokinetics Principles
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=
2. Where is the CYP450 enzyme system primarily located?
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• A. Mitochondria of renal tubular cells
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• B. Endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
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• C. Cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells
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• D. Lysosomes of macrophages
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Answer: B = =
Rationale: The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is
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predominantly found in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
= = = = = = = =
(liver cells), where most drug metabolism occurs . Some CYP450
= = = = = = = = =
enzymes are also present in the gastrointestinal tract, but the liver is
= = = = = = = = = = = =
the primary site .
= = = = =
Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Drug Metabolism
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| Reference: CYP450 System
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=
,3. Which CYP450 isoform is the most abundant and
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metabolizes the greatest number of prescribed drugs?
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• A. CYP1A2
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• B. CYP2D6
= =
• C. CYP3A4
= =
• D. CYP2C9
= =
Answer: C = =
Rationale: CYP3A4 is the most abundant CYP450 isoform and is
= = = = = = = = =
responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all
= = = = = = = =
prescription drugs . CYP2D6 metabolizes many psychotropic drugs,
= = = = = = =
CYP1A2 metabolizes caffeine and some antipsychotics, and CYP2
= = = = = = = =
C9 metabolizes warfarin and NSAIDs.
= = = = =
Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Drug Metabolism
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| Reference: CYP450 System
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=
4. Which of the following is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and
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can significantly increase levels of many medications?
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• A. Rifampin
= =
• B. Ketoconazole
= =
, • C. Phenytoin
= =
• D. Carbamazepine
= =
Answer: B = =
Rationale: Ketoconazole is a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, increasing c
= = = = = = = =
oncentrations of medications metabolized by this enzyme .
= = = = = = = =
Inducers include rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and St. John's
= = = = = = =
Wort (mnemonic: "CRAP GPS" = carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol
= = = = = = = =
, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbitone, sulfonylureas) .
= = = = = =
Cognitive Level: Application | Exam Domain: Drug Interactions
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| Reference: CYP450 Inhibitors/Inducers
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=
5. A drug's steady state is typically reached after how many h
= = = = = = = = = =
alf-lives? =
• A. 1-2
= =
• B. 2-3
= =
• C. 4-5
= =
• D. 6-8
= =
Answer: C = =
= = = = =
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EX = = =
AM (GCU 2026/2027 UPDATED)
= = =
A+ GRADE =
=
Section 1: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
= = = = =
1. Pharmacokinetics includes which of the following processes = = = = = =
? =
• A. Potency, efficacy, and toxicity
= = = = =
• B. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
= = = = = =
• C. Receptor binding, signal transduction, and physiologic
= = = = = =
= response =
• D. Side effects, adverse effects, and drug interactions
= = = = = = = =
Answer: B = =
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the
= = = = = = = = =
drug—
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) .
= = = = = = =
Pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body,= = = = = = = =
,including receptor binding, signal transduction, and physiologic
= = = = = = = =
effects . = =
Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Pharmacokinetics
= = = = = = =
| Reference: Pharmacokinetics Principles
= = = =
=
2. Where is the CYP450 enzyme system primarily located?
= = = = = = = =
• A. Mitochondria of renal tubular cells
= = = = = =
• B. Endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
= = = = =
• C. Cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells
= = = = = =
• D. Lysosomes of macrophages
= = = =
Answer: B = =
Rationale: The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is
= = = = = = =
predominantly found in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
= = = = = = = =
(liver cells), where most drug metabolism occurs . Some CYP450
= = = = = = = = =
enzymes are also present in the gastrointestinal tract, but the liver is
= = = = = = = = = = = =
the primary site .
= = = = =
Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Drug Metabolism
= = = = = = = =
| Reference: CYP450 System
= = = =
=
,3. Which CYP450 isoform is the most abundant and
= = = = = = = =
metabolizes the greatest number of prescribed drugs?
= = = = = = =
• A. CYP1A2
= =
• B. CYP2D6
= =
• C. CYP3A4
= =
• D. CYP2C9
= =
Answer: C = =
Rationale: CYP3A4 is the most abundant CYP450 isoform and is
= = = = = = = = =
responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all
= = = = = = = =
prescription drugs . CYP2D6 metabolizes many psychotropic drugs,
= = = = = = =
CYP1A2 metabolizes caffeine and some antipsychotics, and CYP2
= = = = = = = =
C9 metabolizes warfarin and NSAIDs.
= = = = =
Cognitive Level: Knowledge | Exam Domain: Drug Metabolism
= = = = = = = =
| Reference: CYP450 System
= = = =
=
4. Which of the following is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and
= = = = = = = = = = =
can significantly increase levels of many medications?
= = = = = = =
• A. Rifampin
= =
• B. Ketoconazole
= =
, • C. Phenytoin
= =
• D. Carbamazepine
= =
Answer: B = =
Rationale: Ketoconazole is a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, increasing c
= = = = = = = =
oncentrations of medications metabolized by this enzyme .
= = = = = = = =
Inducers include rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and St. John's
= = = = = = =
Wort (mnemonic: "CRAP GPS" = carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol
= = = = = = = =
, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbitone, sulfonylureas) .
= = = = = =
Cognitive Level: Application | Exam Domain: Drug Interactions
= = = = = = = =
| Reference: CYP450 Inhibitors/Inducers
= = = =
=
5. A drug's steady state is typically reached after how many h
= = = = = = = = = =
alf-lives? =
• A. 1-2
= =
• B. 2-3
= =
• C. 4-5
= =
• D. 6-8
= =
Answer: C = =
