C840/D431 DIGITAL FORENSICS & CYBERSECURITY PRE ASSESSMENT WGU
LAWS + REGS UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. The chief information officer of an accounting firm believes sensitive data is being exposed on the
local network. Which tool should the IT staff use to gather digital evidence about this security
vulnerability?
Sniffer
2. A police detective investigating a threat traces the source to a house. The couple at the house
shows the detective the only computer the family owns, which is in their son's bedroom. The couple
states that their son is presently in class at a local middle school. How should the detective legally
gain access to the computer?
Obtain consent to search from the parents
3. How should a forensic scientist obtain the network configuration from a Windows PC before seizing
it from a crime scene?
By using the ipconfig command from a command prompt on the computer
4. The human resources manager of a small accounting firm believes he may have been a victim of a
phishing scam. The manager clicked on a link in an email message that asked him to verify the logon
credentials for the firm's online bank account. Which digital evidence should a forensic investigator
collect to investigate this incident?
Browser cache
5. After a company's single-purpose, dedicated messaging server is hacked by a cybercriminal, a
forensics expert is hired to investigate the crime and collect evidence. Which digital evidence should
be collected?
Firewall logs
6. Thomas received an email stating that he needed to follow a link and verify his bank account
information to ensure it was secure. Shortly after following the instructions, Thomas noticed money
was missing from his account. Which digital evidence should be considered to determine how Thomas'
account information was compromised?
Email messages
7. The chief executive officer (CEO) of a small computer company has identified a potential hacking
attack from an outside competitor. Which type of evidence should a forensics investigator use to
identify the source of the hack?
Network transaction logs
8. A forensic scientist arrives at a crime scene to begin collecting evidence. What is the first thing the
forensic scientist should do?
Photograph all evidence in its original place
9. Which method of copying digital evidence ensures proper evidence collection?
Make the copy at the bit-level
1
,10. A computer involved in a crime is infected with malware. The computer is on and connected to the
company's network. The forensic investigator arrives at the scene. Which action should be the
investigator's first step?
Unplug the computer's Ethernet cable
11. What are the three basic tasks that a systems forensic specialist must keep in mind when
handling evidence during a cybercrime investigation?
Find evidence, Preserve evidence, and Prepare evidence
12. How do forensic specialists show that digital evidence was handled in a protected, secure manner
during the process of collecting and analyzing the evidence?
Chain of custody
13. Which characteristic applies to magnetic drives compared to solid-state drives (SSDs)?
Lower cost
14. Which characteristic applies to solid-state drives (SSDs) compared to magnetic drives?
They are less susceptible to damage.
15. Which type of storage format should be transported in a special bag to reduce electrostatic
interference?
Magnetic media
16. Which Windows component is responsible for reading the boot.ini file and displaying the boot
loader menu on Windows XP during the boot process?
NTLDR
17. The following line of code is an example of how to make a forensic copy of a suspect drive: dd
if=/dev/mem of=/evidence/image.memory1 Which operating system should be used to run this
command?
Linux
18. Which file system is supported by Mac?
Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+)
19. Which law requires both parties to consent to the recording of a conversation?
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
20. Which law is related to the disclosure of personally identifiable protected health information
(PHI)?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
21. Which U.S. law criminalizes the act of knowingly using a misleading domain name with the intent
to deceive a minor into viewing harmful material?
18 U.S.C. 2252B
22. Which U.S. law protects journalists from turning over their work or sources to law enforcement
before the information is shared with the public?
The Privacy Protection Act (PPA)
23. Which law or guideline lists the four states a mobile device can be in when data is extracted from
it?
NIST SP 800-72 Guidelines
2
, 24. Which law includes a provision permitting the wiretapping of VoIP calls?
Communications Assistance to Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
25. Which policy is included in the CAN-SPAM Act?
The email sender must provide some mechanism whereby the receiver can opt out of future emails and
that method cannot require the receiver to pay in order to opt out.
26. Which United States law requires telecommunications equipment manufacturers to provide
built-in surveillance capabilities for federal agencies?
Communication Assistance to Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
27. Which law requires a search warrant or one of the recognized expectations to the search warrant
requirements for searching email messages on a computer?
The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
28. What is one purpose of steganography?
To deliver information secretly
29. Which method is used to implement steganography through pictures?
LSB
30. The chief information security officer of a company believes that an attacker has infiltrated the
company's network and is using steganography to communicate with external sources. A security
team is investigating the incident. They are told to start by focusing on the core elements of
steganography. What are the core elements of steganography?
Payload, carrier, channel
31. A system administrator believes data are being leaked from the organization. The administrator
decides to use steganography to hide tracking information in the types of files he thinks are being
leaked. Which steganographic term describes this tracking information?
Payload
32. A criminal organization has compromised a third-party web server and is using it to control a
botnet. The botnet server hides command and control messages through the DNS protocol. Which
steganographic component are the command and control messages?
Payload
33. Which method is commonly used to hide data via steganography?
LSB
34. A system administrator believes an employee is leaking information to a competitor by hiding
confidential data in images being attached to outgoing emails. The administrator has captured the
outgoing emails. Which tool should the forensic investigator use to search for the hidden data in the
images?
Forensic Toolkit (FTK)
35. A foreign government is communicating with its agents in the U.S. by hiding text messages in
popular American songs, which are uploaded to the web. Which steganographic tool can be used to do
this?
MP3Stego
3
LAWS + REGS UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. The chief information officer of an accounting firm believes sensitive data is being exposed on the
local network. Which tool should the IT staff use to gather digital evidence about this security
vulnerability?
Sniffer
2. A police detective investigating a threat traces the source to a house. The couple at the house
shows the detective the only computer the family owns, which is in their son's bedroom. The couple
states that their son is presently in class at a local middle school. How should the detective legally
gain access to the computer?
Obtain consent to search from the parents
3. How should a forensic scientist obtain the network configuration from a Windows PC before seizing
it from a crime scene?
By using the ipconfig command from a command prompt on the computer
4. The human resources manager of a small accounting firm believes he may have been a victim of a
phishing scam. The manager clicked on a link in an email message that asked him to verify the logon
credentials for the firm's online bank account. Which digital evidence should a forensic investigator
collect to investigate this incident?
Browser cache
5. After a company's single-purpose, dedicated messaging server is hacked by a cybercriminal, a
forensics expert is hired to investigate the crime and collect evidence. Which digital evidence should
be collected?
Firewall logs
6. Thomas received an email stating that he needed to follow a link and verify his bank account
information to ensure it was secure. Shortly after following the instructions, Thomas noticed money
was missing from his account. Which digital evidence should be considered to determine how Thomas'
account information was compromised?
Email messages
7. The chief executive officer (CEO) of a small computer company has identified a potential hacking
attack from an outside competitor. Which type of evidence should a forensics investigator use to
identify the source of the hack?
Network transaction logs
8. A forensic scientist arrives at a crime scene to begin collecting evidence. What is the first thing the
forensic scientist should do?
Photograph all evidence in its original place
9. Which method of copying digital evidence ensures proper evidence collection?
Make the copy at the bit-level
1
,10. A computer involved in a crime is infected with malware. The computer is on and connected to the
company's network. The forensic investigator arrives at the scene. Which action should be the
investigator's first step?
Unplug the computer's Ethernet cable
11. What are the three basic tasks that a systems forensic specialist must keep in mind when
handling evidence during a cybercrime investigation?
Find evidence, Preserve evidence, and Prepare evidence
12. How do forensic specialists show that digital evidence was handled in a protected, secure manner
during the process of collecting and analyzing the evidence?
Chain of custody
13. Which characteristic applies to magnetic drives compared to solid-state drives (SSDs)?
Lower cost
14. Which characteristic applies to solid-state drives (SSDs) compared to magnetic drives?
They are less susceptible to damage.
15. Which type of storage format should be transported in a special bag to reduce electrostatic
interference?
Magnetic media
16. Which Windows component is responsible for reading the boot.ini file and displaying the boot
loader menu on Windows XP during the boot process?
NTLDR
17. The following line of code is an example of how to make a forensic copy of a suspect drive: dd
if=/dev/mem of=/evidence/image.memory1 Which operating system should be used to run this
command?
Linux
18. Which file system is supported by Mac?
Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+)
19. Which law requires both parties to consent to the recording of a conversation?
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
20. Which law is related to the disclosure of personally identifiable protected health information
(PHI)?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
21. Which U.S. law criminalizes the act of knowingly using a misleading domain name with the intent
to deceive a minor into viewing harmful material?
18 U.S.C. 2252B
22. Which U.S. law protects journalists from turning over their work or sources to law enforcement
before the information is shared with the public?
The Privacy Protection Act (PPA)
23. Which law or guideline lists the four states a mobile device can be in when data is extracted from
it?
NIST SP 800-72 Guidelines
2
, 24. Which law includes a provision permitting the wiretapping of VoIP calls?
Communications Assistance to Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
25. Which policy is included in the CAN-SPAM Act?
The email sender must provide some mechanism whereby the receiver can opt out of future emails and
that method cannot require the receiver to pay in order to opt out.
26. Which United States law requires telecommunications equipment manufacturers to provide
built-in surveillance capabilities for federal agencies?
Communication Assistance to Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
27. Which law requires a search warrant or one of the recognized expectations to the search warrant
requirements for searching email messages on a computer?
The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
28. What is one purpose of steganography?
To deliver information secretly
29. Which method is used to implement steganography through pictures?
LSB
30. The chief information security officer of a company believes that an attacker has infiltrated the
company's network and is using steganography to communicate with external sources. A security
team is investigating the incident. They are told to start by focusing on the core elements of
steganography. What are the core elements of steganography?
Payload, carrier, channel
31. A system administrator believes data are being leaked from the organization. The administrator
decides to use steganography to hide tracking information in the types of files he thinks are being
leaked. Which steganographic term describes this tracking information?
Payload
32. A criminal organization has compromised a third-party web server and is using it to control a
botnet. The botnet server hides command and control messages through the DNS protocol. Which
steganographic component are the command and control messages?
Payload
33. Which method is commonly used to hide data via steganography?
LSB
34. A system administrator believes an employee is leaking information to a competitor by hiding
confidential data in images being attached to outgoing emails. The administrator has captured the
outgoing emails. Which tool should the forensic investigator use to search for the hidden data in the
images?
Forensic Toolkit (FTK)
35. A foreign government is communicating with its agents in the U.S. by hiding text messages in
popular American songs, which are uploaded to the web. Which steganographic tool can be used to do
this?
MP3Stego
3
