Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition full test bank solution

Understanding Pathophysiology
bv bv bv bv 6th bv bv Edition
Huether Test
bv bv bv bv




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, Understanding Pathophysiology bv bv bv bv 6th bv bv Edition
Chapter 01: Cellular
HuetherBiology
bvbv Test bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv



Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv




MULTIPLE bvbv CHOICE

1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope.
bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv bvbv bvbv bv bv It is observed to
bv bv bv bv bvbv


have supercoiled DNA with histones.
bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv Which of bv bv bv bv the following bv bv


would also be observed by the
bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv student?
a. A single circular chromosome
bv bv bv bv bv bv


b. A nucleus bv bv


c. Free-floating nuclear material bv bv bv bv


d. No organelles bv bv




ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled
bvbv bv bv bv bv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv


DNA within its
bv bv nucleus; thus,
bvbv the nucleus should be
bvbv observed.
b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v bvbv b v b v b v b v


A
b v b v single circular chromosome
b v b v called a prokaryote
b v b v contains b v b v b v b v b v b v bvbv b v b v


free-floating
b v b v nuclear material but has no organelles.
b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v




REF: p. b v b v 2

2. A nurse
b v b vis instructing the staff
b v b v about cellular functions.
b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v


Which
b v b v cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated
b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v bvbv bv bv bvbv b v bv bvbv


cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients
bvbv bvbv bvbv to energy? bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv b v b v bvbv


a. Metabolic absorption bv bv


b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: NURSINGTB.COM
D bvbv


The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its
bv bv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv


communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic
bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv


absorption provides nutrition, and secretion
bvbv allows for the
bvbv synthesizing of bv bv bvbv bvbv b v b v bvbv bvbv b v b v bvbv


new
b v b v substances. b v b v




REF: p. b v b v 2

3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the
bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv


bv bv cell would most of the
bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv b v b v genetic information be contained?
bvbv bvbv bv bv


a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm bv bv




ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large
bvbv b v b v bvbv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv


amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding
bv bv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv


proteins, is the nucleolus, which is
bvbv bvbv located within
bv bv the
bvbv cell’s nucleus. bvbv bvbv b v b v bvbv b v b v b v b v b v b v


Mitochondria
b v b v is associated with cellular respiration, while
b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v bvbv


ribosomes
b v b v are involved with protein
b v b v manufacturing. Cytoplasm
b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v


is
b v b v a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
b v b v b v b v b v b v bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv




REF: p. b v b v 2



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, Understanding Pathophysiology bv bv bv bv 6th bv bv Edition
Huether Test
bv bv bv bv




4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer
bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv


by dissolving the layer itself?
bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv


a. Peripheral membrane proteins bv bv bv bv


b. Integral membrane proteins bv bv bv bv


c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules bv bv bv bv




ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the
bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv


action of integral membrane
bvbv proteins that
bvbv dissolve the bilayer.
bv bv Peripheral bvbv b v b v bvbv b v b v bvbv bv bv b v b v


membrane
bvbv proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion
b v b v bv bv b v b v bvbv bv bv b v b v b v b v b v b v


molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein
bv bv b v b v b v b v b v b v b v bv bv b v b v bv b v b v b v b v


marks cells and does not float.
bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv




REF: p. b v b v 7

5. Which of the bv bv bv bv bv bv following bv bv can bv bv bind bv bv to bv bv plasma b v bv membrane bv bv receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic bv bv lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv specific bv bv molecules bv bv that bv bv can bv bv bind bv b v with bv bv receptors bv bv on
the cell membrane.
bv bv bv bv bv bv




REF: p. b v b v 9

6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with
bvbv bvbv bvbv metastatic cancer. What bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv



bv bv
USNTmatrix would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
alternation in the extracellular bvbv iagnBo.
bvbv sisC bvbv
b
v b
v
bvbv
b
v
bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv b v b v bvbv bv b v



of M
metastatic cancer?
bvbv v bvbv


a. Decreased fibronectin bv bv


b. Increased collagen bv bv


c. Decreased elastin bv bv


d. Increased glycoproteins bv bv




ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous
bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv


cells, allowing
bvbv them to travel or metastasize.
bvbv b v b v bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv




REF: p. b v b v 10

7. Which form of bv bv bv bv bv bv cell communication
bv bv bv bv is bv bv used bv bv to bv bv relate bv bv to b v bv other bv bv cells bv bv in
bv bv direct physical bv bv bv bv contact?
a. Cell junction bv bv


b. Gap junction bv bv


c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction bv bv




ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell
bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv b v bv bv bv bv b v bv b v


to cell.
bv bv bv bv


Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor
bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv


tight junctions are associated with cellular communication.
bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv




REF: p. b v b v 11
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, Understanding Pathophysiology bv bv bv bv 6th bv bv Edition
Huether Test
bv bv bv bv




8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon
bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv


from neighboring
bvbv bvbv bv bv alpha cells. This action
bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv is bv bv an bv bv example b v bv of
which of the
bv bv bv bv bv b v bv bv following signaling types? bv bv bv bv


a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are
bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv bvbv bv bv bv bv


quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of
bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv b v bv bv b v bv bv bv


insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
bv bv bv bv glucagon.
bv bv None of bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bvbv b v b v b v b v bvbv


the other options
b v b v involve
bv bv signaling that is associated
bv bv with a b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v


local chemical mediator like
b v b v bvbvinsulin. bvbv bv bv b v b v




REF: p. b v b v 12

9. In bv bvcellular metabolism, bv bv bv bv each bv bv enzyme b v bv has bv bv a bv bv high bv bv affinity bv bv for bv bv a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance
bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bv bv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv


converted to a product
bvbv of the reaction.
bv bvCellular metabolism
bvbv is
bvbv b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v


not
b v b v dependent on an attraction
b v b v between an enzyme and any of b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv


the
bvbv remaining options.
b v b v bvbv




REF: p.
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued
bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv bv b v b v bv bv and
unable to contract.
bv bv bv bv bv bv


The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is
bv bv bv bv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bvbv


based on the knowledge that
bvbv bvbv the problem is
bv bvresult of a bvbv bvbv b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v


deficiency
b v b v of: b v b v


a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the
bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv


other options are involved in muscle contraction.
bvbv bvbv bvbv bv bv bvbv bvbv bvbv




REF: p. b v b v 16

11. Which phase bv bv bv bv of bv bv catabolism bv bv produces bv bv the bv bv most b v bv ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid bv bv bv bv cycle
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of
bvbv bvbv bv bv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv bv bv bv bv bvbv bv bv bvbv


the ATP is
bvbv generated
bv bv during the citric
bvbvacid cycle. Digestion
b v b v does b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v b v





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