Foundations of Nursing HESI Exam 1 Practice
Exam (LATEST EDITION) | Complete
Questions & Verified Answers | 100% Correct
| Grade A – Herzing University LPN
1. A nurse is assessing a client who reports chest pain. Which action should the nurse take first?
A) Administer nitroglycerin
B) Assess the client’s airway, breathing, and circulation
C) Notify the provider
D) Obtain an ECG
Answer: B
Rationale: ABCs are the priority in any emergency; assess before intervening.
2. Which of the following is a correct technique for hand hygiene?
A) Use alcohol-based hand rub when hands are visibly soiled
B) Rub hands together with soap for at least 20 seconds
C) Rinse hands briefly under running water
D) Wear gloves instead of washing hands
Answer: B
Rationale: Soap and water are required when hands are visibly soiled; friction and duration are essential.
3. A client refuses a prescribed medication. What is the nurse’s best action?
A) Hide the medication in food
B) Document the refusal and notify the provider
C) Force the client to take it
D) Ask the family to convince the client
Answer: B
,Rationale: Respect client autonomy; document and inform the provider for further orders.
4. A nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. Which action is most important to prevent
infection?
A) Use clean gloves for insertion
B) Use sterile technique throughout
C) Lubricate with petroleum jelly
D) Deflate the balloon before insertion
Answer: B
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents introduction of bacteria into the bladder.
5. Which finding indicates a client is experiencing hypoxia?
A) Blood pressure 120/80 mmHg
B) Oxygen saturation 88% on room air
C) Heart rate 80 bpm
D) Respiratory rate 16 breaths/min
Answer: B
Rationale: SpO₂ below 90% indicates hypoxemia and requires immediate intervention.
6. A nurse is documenting a client’s fall. Which statement is correct?
A) Include opinions about who was at fault
B) Record factual, objective details about the incident
C) Omit the incident if no injury occurred
D) Wait until the end of the shift to document
Answer: B
Rationale: Incident reports must be objective, timely, and free of blame.
2
,7. A client with a new colostomy asks how to prevent odor. Which food should the nurse
recommend?
A) Eggs
B) Yogurt
C) Onions
D) Fish
Answer: B
Rationale: Probiotics in yogurt reduce colostomy odor; eggs, onions, and fish increase odor.
8. The nurse is delegating to a UAP. Which task is appropriate?
A) Assess a client’s pain level
B) Measure a client’s intake and output
C) Administer a tube feeding
D) Change a sterile dressing
Answer: B
Rationale: UAPs can measure I&O; assessment and sterile procedures require licensed staff.
9. A nurse is caring for a client with a new tracheostomy. Which finding requires immediate
suctioning?
A) Oxygen saturation 95%
B) Visible secretions and decreased breath sounds
C) Small amount of serous drainage
D) Client coughs during suctioning
Answer: B
Rationale: Visible secretions with diminished breath sounds indicate airway obstruction.
10. Which of the following is a therapeutic communication technique?
A) “Don’t worry, everything will be fine.”
3
, B) “Tell me more about what you are feeling.”
C) “Why did you do that?”
D) “You should not feel that way.”
Answer: B
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage expression; false reassurance and “why” questions are non-
therapeutic.
11. A client with heart failure has a daily weight increase of 2 kg. Which action should the nurse
take first?
A) Restrict fluids to 500 mL/day
B) Assess lung sounds and edema
C) Increase the furosemide dose
D) Notify the provider
Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid weight gain indicates fluid overload; assess for pulmonary edema first.
12. A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is essential before
starting?
A) Premedicate with acetaminophen
B) Verify client identity and blood product with another nurse
C) Warm the blood in a microwave
D) Prime tubing with lactated Ringer’s
Answer: B
Rationale: Two-nurse verification prevents ABO incompatibility; prime with normal saline only.
13. A client with a history of falls is admitted. Which intervention should the nurse implement
first?
A) Apply soft wrist restraints
4
Exam (LATEST EDITION) | Complete
Questions & Verified Answers | 100% Correct
| Grade A – Herzing University LPN
1. A nurse is assessing a client who reports chest pain. Which action should the nurse take first?
A) Administer nitroglycerin
B) Assess the client’s airway, breathing, and circulation
C) Notify the provider
D) Obtain an ECG
Answer: B
Rationale: ABCs are the priority in any emergency; assess before intervening.
2. Which of the following is a correct technique for hand hygiene?
A) Use alcohol-based hand rub when hands are visibly soiled
B) Rub hands together with soap for at least 20 seconds
C) Rinse hands briefly under running water
D) Wear gloves instead of washing hands
Answer: B
Rationale: Soap and water are required when hands are visibly soiled; friction and duration are essential.
3. A client refuses a prescribed medication. What is the nurse’s best action?
A) Hide the medication in food
B) Document the refusal and notify the provider
C) Force the client to take it
D) Ask the family to convince the client
Answer: B
,Rationale: Respect client autonomy; document and inform the provider for further orders.
4. A nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. Which action is most important to prevent
infection?
A) Use clean gloves for insertion
B) Use sterile technique throughout
C) Lubricate with petroleum jelly
D) Deflate the balloon before insertion
Answer: B
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents introduction of bacteria into the bladder.
5. Which finding indicates a client is experiencing hypoxia?
A) Blood pressure 120/80 mmHg
B) Oxygen saturation 88% on room air
C) Heart rate 80 bpm
D) Respiratory rate 16 breaths/min
Answer: B
Rationale: SpO₂ below 90% indicates hypoxemia and requires immediate intervention.
6. A nurse is documenting a client’s fall. Which statement is correct?
A) Include opinions about who was at fault
B) Record factual, objective details about the incident
C) Omit the incident if no injury occurred
D) Wait until the end of the shift to document
Answer: B
Rationale: Incident reports must be objective, timely, and free of blame.
2
,7. A client with a new colostomy asks how to prevent odor. Which food should the nurse
recommend?
A) Eggs
B) Yogurt
C) Onions
D) Fish
Answer: B
Rationale: Probiotics in yogurt reduce colostomy odor; eggs, onions, and fish increase odor.
8. The nurse is delegating to a UAP. Which task is appropriate?
A) Assess a client’s pain level
B) Measure a client’s intake and output
C) Administer a tube feeding
D) Change a sterile dressing
Answer: B
Rationale: UAPs can measure I&O; assessment and sterile procedures require licensed staff.
9. A nurse is caring for a client with a new tracheostomy. Which finding requires immediate
suctioning?
A) Oxygen saturation 95%
B) Visible secretions and decreased breath sounds
C) Small amount of serous drainage
D) Client coughs during suctioning
Answer: B
Rationale: Visible secretions with diminished breath sounds indicate airway obstruction.
10. Which of the following is a therapeutic communication technique?
A) “Don’t worry, everything will be fine.”
3
, B) “Tell me more about what you are feeling.”
C) “Why did you do that?”
D) “You should not feel that way.”
Answer: B
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage expression; false reassurance and “why” questions are non-
therapeutic.
11. A client with heart failure has a daily weight increase of 2 kg. Which action should the nurse
take first?
A) Restrict fluids to 500 mL/day
B) Assess lung sounds and edema
C) Increase the furosemide dose
D) Notify the provider
Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid weight gain indicates fluid overload; assess for pulmonary edema first.
12. A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is essential before
starting?
A) Premedicate with acetaminophen
B) Verify client identity and blood product with another nurse
C) Warm the blood in a microwave
D) Prime tubing with lactated Ringer’s
Answer: B
Rationale: Two-nurse verification prevents ABO incompatibility; prime with normal saline only.
13. A client with a history of falls is admitted. Which intervention should the nurse implement
first?
A) Apply soft wrist restraints
4
