BSC 2011 FINAL EXAM | University of South Florida |
UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Q1: Oldest to most recent evolution of life
A: 1. Origin of cyanobacteria
2. Origin of mitochondria
3. Origin of chloroplasts
4. Origin of multicellular eukaryotes
5. Origin of fungal-plant symbioses
Q2: What evidence supports the theory of endosymbiosis?
A: Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane
Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission
The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free living
prokaryotes
Q3: Explain how its possible that the chloroplasts of Euglena and
green algae are very similar, yet they don't share a common
ancestor who has chloroplasts
A: Euglena must have acquired its chloroplasts by secondary endosymbiosis from green
algae
Q4: The protistan Paulinella has a photosynthetic plastid called a
chromatophore. Chromatophores have a peptidoglycan
membrane and their DNA is more closely related to
cyanobacteria than to chloroplasts. Based on this information,
what is the possible origin of the chromatophore?
A: It derived from a prokaryote that was engulfed by the ancestor Paulinella
Q5: Protista
A: Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.
Multicellular or unicellular, no tissue. Phototrophs or organotrophs. Can be asexual,
sexual, or both
Q6: Protists are very diverse. Almost any unicellular eukaryote is
considered a protist. However, plants, fungi, and animals
evolved from ancient protists. Based on this phylogeny, could
you conclude that protist form a monopyletic group?
A: No
Q7: Which of the groups listed on the tree above descended from
an ancestral protist but are not considered protists? Select 3
,A: Fungi, animals, and land plants
Q8: Sponges are animals that possess feeding cells called collar
cells. These cells have a central flagellum surrounded by a
collar. The collar filters organic matter out of the water
column. Which protist shares a more recent common ancestor
with the poriferans?
A: Choanoflagellates
Q9: What ecological roles can protist have?
A: scavengers
photosynthesizers
predators
mutualistic
parasitic
Q10: Photosynthetic protists are very important because
A: They are an important source of oxygen and capturing carbon dioxide
They form symbiosis with organisms such as corals that are fundamental to the
ecosystem
As primary producers, they feed many animals in the food web directly and indirectly
Q11: Which of these statements is true about the evolution of
multicellularity in eukaryotes?
A: It occurred independently multiple times in several eukaryotic lineages
Q12: Protists are seen as the bridge between unicellular organisms
and multicellular ones. Which of the following support this
idea?
A: Protists can form colonies with interdependence
Cells in protistan colonies may have different morphologies and duties
Q13: Key innovations in animal evolution
ch 27
A: Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavity
Embryonic Development
Segmentation
Q14: Cephalization
ch 27
A: concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body
, Q15: 3 germ layers
ch 27
A: ectoderm: outermost, gives rise to skin and nervous system
mesoderm: gives rise to blood muscles and bones endoderm: inner lining of digestive
tract
Q16: Protostomes
ch 27
A: Most invertebrates
Q17: Deuterostomes
ch 27
A: Chordates and vertebrates
Q18: Which of the following are true about radial symmetry?
ch 27
A: Any longitudinal cut will divide the organism into two mirror images
Q19: Which of the following are true about bilateral symmetry?
ch 27
A: It's advantageous for setting a direction for moving, as the organism has an anterior and
a posterior end
It promoted the organization of all sensory organs in the anterior part
Only a longitudinal cut along the sagittal plane will divide the organism into two mirror
images
Q20: What is the main advantage of having a coelom body cavity?
ch 27
A: Space for complex organ systems
Q21: What are some of the advantages of bilateral symmetry?
ch 27
A: Allow the location of sensory organs towards the front of the organism
There is a clear direction for movement with a front and a back
Neurons can concentrate near sensory organs starting the evolution of a brain
Q22: What are some of the advantages of body segmentation?
ch 27
A: The body plan can be easily repeated
Q23: Porifera (sponges)
ch 27
UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Q1: Oldest to most recent evolution of life
A: 1. Origin of cyanobacteria
2. Origin of mitochondria
3. Origin of chloroplasts
4. Origin of multicellular eukaryotes
5. Origin of fungal-plant symbioses
Q2: What evidence supports the theory of endosymbiosis?
A: Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane
Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission
The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free living
prokaryotes
Q3: Explain how its possible that the chloroplasts of Euglena and
green algae are very similar, yet they don't share a common
ancestor who has chloroplasts
A: Euglena must have acquired its chloroplasts by secondary endosymbiosis from green
algae
Q4: The protistan Paulinella has a photosynthetic plastid called a
chromatophore. Chromatophores have a peptidoglycan
membrane and their DNA is more closely related to
cyanobacteria than to chloroplasts. Based on this information,
what is the possible origin of the chromatophore?
A: It derived from a prokaryote that was engulfed by the ancestor Paulinella
Q5: Protista
A: Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.
Multicellular or unicellular, no tissue. Phototrophs or organotrophs. Can be asexual,
sexual, or both
Q6: Protists are very diverse. Almost any unicellular eukaryote is
considered a protist. However, plants, fungi, and animals
evolved from ancient protists. Based on this phylogeny, could
you conclude that protist form a monopyletic group?
A: No
Q7: Which of the groups listed on the tree above descended from
an ancestral protist but are not considered protists? Select 3
,A: Fungi, animals, and land plants
Q8: Sponges are animals that possess feeding cells called collar
cells. These cells have a central flagellum surrounded by a
collar. The collar filters organic matter out of the water
column. Which protist shares a more recent common ancestor
with the poriferans?
A: Choanoflagellates
Q9: What ecological roles can protist have?
A: scavengers
photosynthesizers
predators
mutualistic
parasitic
Q10: Photosynthetic protists are very important because
A: They are an important source of oxygen and capturing carbon dioxide
They form symbiosis with organisms such as corals that are fundamental to the
ecosystem
As primary producers, they feed many animals in the food web directly and indirectly
Q11: Which of these statements is true about the evolution of
multicellularity in eukaryotes?
A: It occurred independently multiple times in several eukaryotic lineages
Q12: Protists are seen as the bridge between unicellular organisms
and multicellular ones. Which of the following support this
idea?
A: Protists can form colonies with interdependence
Cells in protistan colonies may have different morphologies and duties
Q13: Key innovations in animal evolution
ch 27
A: Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavity
Embryonic Development
Segmentation
Q14: Cephalization
ch 27
A: concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body
, Q15: 3 germ layers
ch 27
A: ectoderm: outermost, gives rise to skin and nervous system
mesoderm: gives rise to blood muscles and bones endoderm: inner lining of digestive
tract
Q16: Protostomes
ch 27
A: Most invertebrates
Q17: Deuterostomes
ch 27
A: Chordates and vertebrates
Q18: Which of the following are true about radial symmetry?
ch 27
A: Any longitudinal cut will divide the organism into two mirror images
Q19: Which of the following are true about bilateral symmetry?
ch 27
A: It's advantageous for setting a direction for moving, as the organism has an anterior and
a posterior end
It promoted the organization of all sensory organs in the anterior part
Only a longitudinal cut along the sagittal plane will divide the organism into two mirror
images
Q20: What is the main advantage of having a coelom body cavity?
ch 27
A: Space for complex organ systems
Q21: What are some of the advantages of bilateral symmetry?
ch 27
A: Allow the location of sensory organs towards the front of the organism
There is a clear direction for movement with a front and a back
Neurons can concentrate near sensory organs starting the evolution of a brain
Q22: What are some of the advantages of body segmentation?
ch 27
A: The body plan can be easily repeated
Q23: Porifera (sponges)
ch 27
