BSC 2011 Exam 2 Study Guide | University of South
Florida | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Q1: Archaea
A: prokaryotic. Only have cell membranes w ether linkages which are more resistant to
extreme conditions. Many are extremophiles. Shares features w the eukaryotic nucleus
and cytoplasm such as histones and ribosomal proteins. Can obtain new genetic material
by transduction when bacteria spit out DNA to bacterial chromosome and takes over and
creates new bacteria
Q2: Bacteria
A: prokaryotic (lack nucleus). They're frequently surrounded by a jellylike mucilaginous
sheath. They are the only prokaryotes that generate oxygen as a product of
photosynthesis. Cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan
Q3: Eukarya
A: protists, fungi, plants, and animals composed of eukaryotic cells. Many are heterotrophs.
They have a nucleus and internal membranes. They possess endosymbionts
mitochondria or plasmids derived from some protobacterium.
Q4: Chemoheterotrophic prokayotes
A: function as decomposers, breaking down dead organisms as well as waste products and
thereby unlocking supplies of carbon, nitrogen and other elements.
Q5: Binary fission
A: is when a single prokaryotic cell divides into 2 cells which then divide into 4,8,16 etc.
Q6: Parasitism
A: an ecological relationship in which a parasite eats the cell contents, tissues or body fluids
of its host.
Q7: Pathogens
A: parasites that cause disease
Q8: Pathogenic prokaryotes
A: usually cause illnesses by producing poisons
Q9: Exotoxins
A: proteins secreted by certain bacteria and other organisms
, Q10: Endotoxins
A: are released when the bacteria die and their cell walls break down
Q11: Horizontal gene transfer
A: A process in which genes are transferred from one genome to another through
mechanisms such as exchange of transferable elements and plasmids, viral infection and
perhaps fusions of organisms.
Q12: Bacteria
A: These are the major shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirillum.
Q13: Gram positive
A: Thick peptidoglycan wall. Purple
Q14: Phototrophs
A: obtain energy from light
Q15: Chemotrophs
A: obtain energy from chemicals
Q16: Autotrophs
A: need only CO2 or related compounds as a carbon source
Q17: Heterotrophs
A: require at least one organic nutrient to make other organic compounds
Q18: Obligate aerobes
A: must use O2 for cellular respiration
Q19: Obligate anaerobes
A: are poisoned by O2. Some live by fermentation; others extract chemical energy by
anaerobic respiration in which substances other than O2 accept electrons at the
"downhill" end of electron transport chains
Q20: Facultative anaerobes
A: use O2 if it is present but can also carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration in an
anaerobic enviornment
Q21: Halophile
A: "salt-loving" archaea that live-in environments that have very high salt concentrations
Florida | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Q1: Archaea
A: prokaryotic. Only have cell membranes w ether linkages which are more resistant to
extreme conditions. Many are extremophiles. Shares features w the eukaryotic nucleus
and cytoplasm such as histones and ribosomal proteins. Can obtain new genetic material
by transduction when bacteria spit out DNA to bacterial chromosome and takes over and
creates new bacteria
Q2: Bacteria
A: prokaryotic (lack nucleus). They're frequently surrounded by a jellylike mucilaginous
sheath. They are the only prokaryotes that generate oxygen as a product of
photosynthesis. Cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan
Q3: Eukarya
A: protists, fungi, plants, and animals composed of eukaryotic cells. Many are heterotrophs.
They have a nucleus and internal membranes. They possess endosymbionts
mitochondria or plasmids derived from some protobacterium.
Q4: Chemoheterotrophic prokayotes
A: function as decomposers, breaking down dead organisms as well as waste products and
thereby unlocking supplies of carbon, nitrogen and other elements.
Q5: Binary fission
A: is when a single prokaryotic cell divides into 2 cells which then divide into 4,8,16 etc.
Q6: Parasitism
A: an ecological relationship in which a parasite eats the cell contents, tissues or body fluids
of its host.
Q7: Pathogens
A: parasites that cause disease
Q8: Pathogenic prokaryotes
A: usually cause illnesses by producing poisons
Q9: Exotoxins
A: proteins secreted by certain bacteria and other organisms
, Q10: Endotoxins
A: are released when the bacteria die and their cell walls break down
Q11: Horizontal gene transfer
A: A process in which genes are transferred from one genome to another through
mechanisms such as exchange of transferable elements and plasmids, viral infection and
perhaps fusions of organisms.
Q12: Bacteria
A: These are the major shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirillum.
Q13: Gram positive
A: Thick peptidoglycan wall. Purple
Q14: Phototrophs
A: obtain energy from light
Q15: Chemotrophs
A: obtain energy from chemicals
Q16: Autotrophs
A: need only CO2 or related compounds as a carbon source
Q17: Heterotrophs
A: require at least one organic nutrient to make other organic compounds
Q18: Obligate aerobes
A: must use O2 for cellular respiration
Q19: Obligate anaerobes
A: are poisoned by O2. Some live by fermentation; others extract chemical energy by
anaerobic respiration in which substances other than O2 accept electrons at the
"downhill" end of electron transport chains
Q20: Facultative anaerobes
A: use O2 if it is present but can also carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration in an
anaerobic enviornment
Q21: Halophile
A: "salt-loving" archaea that live-in environments that have very high salt concentrations
