NSG 5003 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. A patient is diagnosed with a condition where cells have undergone a reversible
replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type. What is this process
called?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by
another, often as a response to chronic irritation.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with the potentiation of digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
,C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia allows digoxin to bind more easily to the Na+/K+
ATPase pump, increasing the risk of toxicity.
3. A 55-year-old male presents with elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and low
serum calcium. Which condition is the most likely cause?
A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
B. Hypoparathyroidism
C. Vitamin D toxicity
D. Chronic renal failure
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In chronic renal failure, the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D and
excrete phosphate, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism to compensate for low
calcium.
4. Which immunoglobulins are involved in a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
, D. IgE
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, involving mast cell
degranulation and histamine release.
5. What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in reperfusion injury?
A. Loss of ATP production
B. Lactic acid accumulation
C. Free radical formation
D. Apoptosis activation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Reintroduction of oxygen to ischemic tissue generates reactive
oxygen species (free radicals) that cause further membrane damage.
6. A patient exhibits signs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Which hypersensitivity
type characterizes this autoimmune disease?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. A patient is diagnosed with a condition where cells have undergone a reversible
replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type. What is this process
called?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by
another, often as a response to chronic irritation.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with the potentiation of digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
,C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia allows digoxin to bind more easily to the Na+/K+
ATPase pump, increasing the risk of toxicity.
3. A 55-year-old male presents with elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and low
serum calcium. Which condition is the most likely cause?
A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
B. Hypoparathyroidism
C. Vitamin D toxicity
D. Chronic renal failure
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In chronic renal failure, the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D and
excrete phosphate, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism to compensate for low
calcium.
4. Which immunoglobulins are involved in a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
, D. IgE
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, involving mast cell
degranulation and histamine release.
5. What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in reperfusion injury?
A. Loss of ATP production
B. Lactic acid accumulation
C. Free radical formation
D. Apoptosis activation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Reintroduction of oxygen to ischemic tissue generates reactive
oxygen species (free radicals) that cause further membrane damage.
6. A patient exhibits signs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Which hypersensitivity
type characterizes this autoimmune disease?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
