NSG 5003 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of Graves’ disease?
A. Antibodies block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
B. Chronic autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland leads to hypothyroidism.
C. Autoantibodies (TSI) bind to TSH receptors, stimulating excess thyroid hormone
production.
D. Excessive secretion of TSH by a pituitary adenoma causes goiter.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where thyroid-
stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) mimic TSH, leading to hyperthyroidism and goiter.
2. In a patient with SIADH, what is the primary electrolyte abnormality expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH leads to excessive water reabsorption in the kidneys,
causing dilutional hyponatremia due to increased ADH secretion.
3. Which pathophysiological process is characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.
B. Increased hepatic glucose production.
C. Down-regulation of insulin receptors.
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes involves a T-cell mediated autoimmune
destruction of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, leading to absolute insulin
deficiency.
4. A patient presents with truncal obesity, a ‘buffalo hump,’ and purple striae. Which
condition is most likely?
A. Cushing’s Syndrome
B. Addison’s Disease
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Pheochromocytoma
Answer: A
, Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s Syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess
cortisol, characterized by fat redistribution (truncal obesity/buffalo hump) and skin
thinning (striae).
5. What is the hallmark finding in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Demyelination of axons in the CNS.
B. Loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra.
C. Accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
D. Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Alzheimer’s is characterized by extracellular amyloid-beta
plaques and intracellular tau protein tangles that disrupt neuronal communication.
6. Which neurotransmitter deficiency is central to the development of Parkinson’s disease
symptoms?
A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Answer: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of Graves’ disease?
A. Antibodies block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
B. Chronic autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland leads to hypothyroidism.
C. Autoantibodies (TSI) bind to TSH receptors, stimulating excess thyroid hormone
production.
D. Excessive secretion of TSH by a pituitary adenoma causes goiter.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where thyroid-
stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) mimic TSH, leading to hyperthyroidism and goiter.
2. In a patient with SIADH, what is the primary electrolyte abnormality expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH leads to excessive water reabsorption in the kidneys,
causing dilutional hyponatremia due to increased ADH secretion.
3. Which pathophysiological process is characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.
B. Increased hepatic glucose production.
C. Down-regulation of insulin receptors.
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes involves a T-cell mediated autoimmune
destruction of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, leading to absolute insulin
deficiency.
4. A patient presents with truncal obesity, a ‘buffalo hump,’ and purple striae. Which
condition is most likely?
A. Cushing’s Syndrome
B. Addison’s Disease
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Pheochromocytoma
Answer: A
, Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s Syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess
cortisol, characterized by fat redistribution (truncal obesity/buffalo hump) and skin
thinning (striae).
5. What is the hallmark finding in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Demyelination of axons in the CNS.
B. Loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra.
C. Accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
D. Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Alzheimer’s is characterized by extracellular amyloid-beta
plaques and intracellular tau protein tangles that disrupt neuronal communication.
6. Which neurotransmitter deficiency is central to the development of Parkinson’s disease
symptoms?
A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Answer: A
