NSG 5003 WEEK 9 KNOWLEDGE CHECK
QUESTRIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. A patient presents with serum sodium of 120 mEq/L and urine osmolality of 600 mOsm/kg.
Which pathophysiological mechanism most likely explains these findings?
A. Deficiency of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
B. Inadequate intake of free water
C. Increased renal sensitivity to aldosterone
D. Excessive secretion of ADH causing water retention
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
results in excessive water reabsorption, leading to dilutional hyponatremia and highly
concentrated urine.
2. Which of the following describes the Somogyi effect in diabetic patients?
A. Hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia due to counter-regulatory hormones
B. Early morning hyperglycemia due to a surge in growth hormone
C. Hyperglycemia resulting from excessive carbohydrate intake at dinner
D. Severe insulin resistance occurring during acute infection
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Somogyi effect occurs when nocturnal hypoglycemia
triggers the release of epinephrine, cortisol, and glucagon, leading to morning
hyperglycemia.
3. In Grave’s disease, the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) leads to
which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type II
B. Type I
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Grave’s disease is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction where
antibodies (TSI) bind to and stimulate the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland.
4. A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism is likely to exhibit which of the following
laboratory profiles?
A. Low calcium, high phosphate
B. High calcium, high phosphate
C. Low calcium, low phosphate
D. High calcium, low phosphate
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Excess PTH increases bone resorption and renal calcium
reabsorption while promoting renal phosphate excretion, leading to hypercalcemia and
hypophosphatemia.
5. What is the primary pathophysiological defect in Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
A. Insensitivity of the pancreas to glucose levels
B. Excessive production of glucose by the liver
C. Inability to concentrate urine due to ADH deficiency or resistance
D. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by an inability to conserve
water due to either a lack of ADH (central) or renal resistance to ADH (nephrogenic).
6. Which hormone is inhibited by the action of dopamine in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?
A. Prolactin
B. Growth Hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. ACTH
Answer: A
QUESTRIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. A patient presents with serum sodium of 120 mEq/L and urine osmolality of 600 mOsm/kg.
Which pathophysiological mechanism most likely explains these findings?
A. Deficiency of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
B. Inadequate intake of free water
C. Increased renal sensitivity to aldosterone
D. Excessive secretion of ADH causing water retention
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
results in excessive water reabsorption, leading to dilutional hyponatremia and highly
concentrated urine.
2. Which of the following describes the Somogyi effect in diabetic patients?
A. Hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia due to counter-regulatory hormones
B. Early morning hyperglycemia due to a surge in growth hormone
C. Hyperglycemia resulting from excessive carbohydrate intake at dinner
D. Severe insulin resistance occurring during acute infection
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Somogyi effect occurs when nocturnal hypoglycemia
triggers the release of epinephrine, cortisol, and glucagon, leading to morning
hyperglycemia.
3. In Grave’s disease, the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) leads to
which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type II
B. Type I
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Grave’s disease is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction where
antibodies (TSI) bind to and stimulate the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland.
4. A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism is likely to exhibit which of the following
laboratory profiles?
A. Low calcium, high phosphate
B. High calcium, high phosphate
C. Low calcium, low phosphate
D. High calcium, low phosphate
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Excess PTH increases bone resorption and renal calcium
reabsorption while promoting renal phosphate excretion, leading to hypercalcemia and
hypophosphatemia.
5. What is the primary pathophysiological defect in Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
A. Insensitivity of the pancreas to glucose levels
B. Excessive production of glucose by the liver
C. Inability to concentrate urine due to ADH deficiency or resistance
D. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by an inability to conserve
water due to either a lack of ADH (central) or renal resistance to ADH (nephrogenic).
6. Which hormone is inhibited by the action of dopamine in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?
A. Prolactin
B. Growth Hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. ACTH
Answer: A
