NSG 5003 WEEK 1 KNOWLEDGE CHECK
QUESTRIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, often less differentiated, cell type?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, frequently occurring in response to chronic irritation, such as cigarette smoke
in the bronchial lining.
2. What is the primary mechanism by which hypoxic injury leads to cellular swelling?
A. Inactivation of the sodium-potassium pump
B. Increased protein synthesis
C. Decreased intracellular calcium levels
D. Increased aerobic metabolism
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia leads to ATP depletion, which causes the Na+/K+
ATPase pump to fail. Sodium then accumulates inside the cell, pulling water in by osmosis
and causing swelling.
3. Which process involves the programmed, self-destructive cell death that does not typically
trigger an inflammatory response?
A. Apoptosis
B. Autophagy
C. Necrosis
D. Pyoptosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a distinct, programmed process of cellular self-
destruction that occurs in both normal and pathologic conditions without eliciting an
inflammatory response.
4. In the context of DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for ‘unzipping’ the double
helix?
A. Helicase
B. Ligase
C. DNA Polymerase
, D. RNA Primase
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Helicase is the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between
the nitrogenous bases, allowing the DNA strands to separate for replication.
5. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with a myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Coagulative necrosis results from protein denaturation and is
typically seen in the kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands following hypoxic injury.
6. An individual with Turner syndrome has which of the following chromosomal
configurations?
A. 47, XXY
B. 47, XXX
C. 45, X
D. 47, XY, +21
QUESTRIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, often less differentiated, cell type?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, frequently occurring in response to chronic irritation, such as cigarette smoke
in the bronchial lining.
2. What is the primary mechanism by which hypoxic injury leads to cellular swelling?
A. Inactivation of the sodium-potassium pump
B. Increased protein synthesis
C. Decreased intracellular calcium levels
D. Increased aerobic metabolism
,Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia leads to ATP depletion, which causes the Na+/K+
ATPase pump to fail. Sodium then accumulates inside the cell, pulling water in by osmosis
and causing swelling.
3. Which process involves the programmed, self-destructive cell death that does not typically
trigger an inflammatory response?
A. Apoptosis
B. Autophagy
C. Necrosis
D. Pyoptosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is a distinct, programmed process of cellular self-
destruction that occurs in both normal and pathologic conditions without eliciting an
inflammatory response.
4. In the context of DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for ‘unzipping’ the double
helix?
A. Helicase
B. Ligase
C. DNA Polymerase
, D. RNA Primase
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Helicase is the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between
the nitrogenous bases, allowing the DNA strands to separate for replication.
5. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with a myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Coagulative necrosis results from protein denaturation and is
typically seen in the kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands following hypoxic injury.
6. An individual with Turner syndrome has which of the following chromosomal
configurations?
A. 47, XXY
B. 47, XXX
C. 45, X
D. 47, XY, +21
