Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A patient with a congenital disorder has a mutation that changes a
protein involved in regulating transcription. Which cellular structure is
primarily responsible for storing the genetic information that
determines the amino acid sequence of this protein?
A. Golgi apparatus
,B. Nucleus
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains genomic DNA, which stores the
information used to direct synthesis of proteins. The Golgi apparatus
modifies and sorts proteins, lysosomes contain degradative enzymes,
and peroxisomes perform oxidative metabolic functions.
Question 2
A researcher detects a sequence of DNA that is copied into RNA and
ultimately used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein.
Which type of gene product is being studied?
A. Structural lipid
B. Messenger RNA
C. Glycogen molecule
D. ATP
, Correct Answer: B. Messenger RNA
Rationale: Messenger RNA carries protein-coding information
transcribed from DNA to ribosomes for translation. Lipids, glycogen, and
ATP are cellular molecules but do not serve as direct carriers of protein-
coding information from DNA to ribosomes.
Question 3
A mutation occurs in a coding region of DNA and changes a single
nucleotide so that one amino acid in the resulting protein is replaced by
another. Which type of mutation best describes this change?
A. Missense mutation
B. Silent mutation
C. Nonsense mutation
D. Chromosomal deletion
Correct Answer: A. Missense mutation
Rationale: A missense mutation changes a nucleotide in a way that
results in substitution of one amino acid for another. A silent mutation
does not alter the encoded amino acid, whereas a nonsense mutation
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A patient with a congenital disorder has a mutation that changes a
protein involved in regulating transcription. Which cellular structure is
primarily responsible for storing the genetic information that
determines the amino acid sequence of this protein?
A. Golgi apparatus
,B. Nucleus
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains genomic DNA, which stores the
information used to direct synthesis of proteins. The Golgi apparatus
modifies and sorts proteins, lysosomes contain degradative enzymes,
and peroxisomes perform oxidative metabolic functions.
Question 2
A researcher detects a sequence of DNA that is copied into RNA and
ultimately used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein.
Which type of gene product is being studied?
A. Structural lipid
B. Messenger RNA
C. Glycogen molecule
D. ATP
, Correct Answer: B. Messenger RNA
Rationale: Messenger RNA carries protein-coding information
transcribed from DNA to ribosomes for translation. Lipids, glycogen, and
ATP are cellular molecules but do not serve as direct carriers of protein-
coding information from DNA to ribosomes.
Question 3
A mutation occurs in a coding region of DNA and changes a single
nucleotide so that one amino acid in the resulting protein is replaced by
another. Which type of mutation best describes this change?
A. Missense mutation
B. Silent mutation
C. Nonsense mutation
D. Chromosomal deletion
Correct Answer: A. Missense mutation
Rationale: A missense mutation changes a nucleotide in a way that
results in substitution of one amino acid for another. A silent mutation
does not alter the encoded amino acid, whereas a nonsense mutation
