LING 115 LINGUISTICS FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Lingua franca.
Answer: Language which is used for communication by peoples
whose first languages differ
◉ National language.
Answer: Symbol of nation's identity; helps unify the citizens
◉ Official language.
Answer: Language that speakers have the legal right to use in a
designated official domain
◉ Paraguay (NL, OL).
Answer: Guarani, Spanish
◉ Tanzania (NL, OL).
Answer: Swahili, Swahili/English
◉ Languages of wider communication (LWC).
Answer: Use of a language in a wide range of formal domains
,◉ Examples of LWC's.
Answer: Swahili in Tanzania
Urdu in Pakistan
◉ Is English an official language in USA or Britain?.
Answer: No; vast majority of the population speaks English, but it's
unnecessary to state that English is the national language
◉ Most important factor taken into account when a government
recognizes a language.
Answer: Cost
◉ What was the Philippines' national language, and what was it
based on?.
Answer: Pilipino / Tagalog; caused a lot of resentment based on the
advantages of national languages
◉ Steps in the establishment and spread of a new national language.
Answer: 1. Selection
2. Codification
3. Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function
4. Implementation
,5. Acceptance
◉ Selection.
Answer: Appropriate variety must be chosen from a set of
alternatives
◉ Codification.
Answer: Selected language has to be standardized by:
1. Grammar rules
2. Dictionary
3. Written form of the language
◉ Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function.
Answer: Expansion of the vocabulary (creation of new words)
◉ Implementation.
Answer: Use of the national language in:
Mass education
Radio/television
Propaganda
◉ Acceptance.
, Answer: Positive promotion strategies by the government
◉ Terms related to language planning (3).
Answer: 1. Language planning
2. Corpus planning
3. Status planning
◉ Language planning.
Answer: Activities which aim at changing linguistic behavior
◉ Corpus planning.
Answer: Activities attempting to change internal structure (language
expansion)
◉ Status planning.
Answer: Efforts to change the use/function of a language (i.e.
national/official language)
◉ Ideals of a successful national language.
Answer: Unifying function - Unites a people
Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries
Prestige - Higher status than other dialects
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Lingua franca.
Answer: Language which is used for communication by peoples
whose first languages differ
◉ National language.
Answer: Symbol of nation's identity; helps unify the citizens
◉ Official language.
Answer: Language that speakers have the legal right to use in a
designated official domain
◉ Paraguay (NL, OL).
Answer: Guarani, Spanish
◉ Tanzania (NL, OL).
Answer: Swahili, Swahili/English
◉ Languages of wider communication (LWC).
Answer: Use of a language in a wide range of formal domains
,◉ Examples of LWC's.
Answer: Swahili in Tanzania
Urdu in Pakistan
◉ Is English an official language in USA or Britain?.
Answer: No; vast majority of the population speaks English, but it's
unnecessary to state that English is the national language
◉ Most important factor taken into account when a government
recognizes a language.
Answer: Cost
◉ What was the Philippines' national language, and what was it
based on?.
Answer: Pilipino / Tagalog; caused a lot of resentment based on the
advantages of national languages
◉ Steps in the establishment and spread of a new national language.
Answer: 1. Selection
2. Codification
3. Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function
4. Implementation
,5. Acceptance
◉ Selection.
Answer: Appropriate variety must be chosen from a set of
alternatives
◉ Codification.
Answer: Selected language has to be standardized by:
1. Grammar rules
2. Dictionary
3. Written form of the language
◉ Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function.
Answer: Expansion of the vocabulary (creation of new words)
◉ Implementation.
Answer: Use of the national language in:
Mass education
Radio/television
Propaganda
◉ Acceptance.
, Answer: Positive promotion strategies by the government
◉ Terms related to language planning (3).
Answer: 1. Language planning
2. Corpus planning
3. Status planning
◉ Language planning.
Answer: Activities which aim at changing linguistic behavior
◉ Corpus planning.
Answer: Activities attempting to change internal structure (language
expansion)
◉ Status planning.
Answer: Efforts to change the use/function of a language (i.e.
national/official language)
◉ Ideals of a successful national language.
Answer: Unifying function - Unites a people
Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries
Prestige - Higher status than other dialects
