LING 115 LINGUISTICS FINAL ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ Acceptance.
Answer: Positive promotion strategies by the government
◉ Terms related to language planning (3).
Answer: 1. Language planning
2. Corpus planning
3. Status planning
◉ Language planning.
Answer: Activities which aim at changing linguistic behavior
◉ Corpus planning.
Answer: Activities attempting to change internal structure (language
expansion)
◉ Status planning.
Answer: Efforts to change the use/function of a language (i.e.
national/official language)
,◉ Ideals of a successful national language.
Answer: Unifying function - Unites a people
Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries
Prestige - Higher status than other dialects
Function as a standard - Model of speech
◉ Norway had two competing national languages: ________ & ________.
Answer: Bokmal & Nynorsk
◉ Bokmal was:.
Answer: The language of the state (urban parts of Norway;
borrowed from Danish language)
◉ Nynorsk was:.
Answer: The language of the lands (rural lands of Norway; local
Norwegian words)
◉ Purification.
Answer: Language expansion involving the development of a new
national identity
◉ Protectionism.
,Answer: Language expansion in order to defend an image previously
established through a national language
◉ Lexical purification.
Answer: Purging a national language of words of foreign words to
restore the language to a pure state
◉ Examples of languages that have undergone deliberate
purification for political reasons.
Answer: Greek (Katharevousa) - Eliminated Turkish, Italian
Italian - Pre-WWII fascism; German and Slovene names were
replaced with Italian names
Japanese - 1930s; a period of ultra-nationalism and military
expansion where all foreign words were purged out of the language
Korean - Defense of the national language (1950s-1970s); foreign
words eliminated
◉ Linguistic protectionism.
Answer: Process in which new words are heavily encouraged /
required to be created with strategies B/C
◉ How did Turkey break away from the Ottoman Empire (language
wise)?.
Answer: Reforms after the empire fell:
, 1. Switching over to Roman script to write language instead of
Arabic
2. Expansion of Turkish language (purging foreign words, creating
new terms)
◉ Sun Language Theory.
Answer: All European languages were initially derived from the
Turkish
◉ Russian strategies.
Answer: Russification + Minor language development
◉ Russification.
Answer: Russian Cyrillic alphabet had to be used in the writing of al
languages in the Soviet Union (in order to separate minority
linguistic groups from ethnic groups near the USSR)
◉ Minor language development.
Answer: If a large number of minor languages were spoken within
an area, then the different ethnic people would not unite under any
non-Russian language
◉ Negative planning.
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ Acceptance.
Answer: Positive promotion strategies by the government
◉ Terms related to language planning (3).
Answer: 1. Language planning
2. Corpus planning
3. Status planning
◉ Language planning.
Answer: Activities which aim at changing linguistic behavior
◉ Corpus planning.
Answer: Activities attempting to change internal structure (language
expansion)
◉ Status planning.
Answer: Efforts to change the use/function of a language (i.e.
national/official language)
,◉ Ideals of a successful national language.
Answer: Unifying function - Unites a people
Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries
Prestige - Higher status than other dialects
Function as a standard - Model of speech
◉ Norway had two competing national languages: ________ & ________.
Answer: Bokmal & Nynorsk
◉ Bokmal was:.
Answer: The language of the state (urban parts of Norway;
borrowed from Danish language)
◉ Nynorsk was:.
Answer: The language of the lands (rural lands of Norway; local
Norwegian words)
◉ Purification.
Answer: Language expansion involving the development of a new
national identity
◉ Protectionism.
,Answer: Language expansion in order to defend an image previously
established through a national language
◉ Lexical purification.
Answer: Purging a national language of words of foreign words to
restore the language to a pure state
◉ Examples of languages that have undergone deliberate
purification for political reasons.
Answer: Greek (Katharevousa) - Eliminated Turkish, Italian
Italian - Pre-WWII fascism; German and Slovene names were
replaced with Italian names
Japanese - 1930s; a period of ultra-nationalism and military
expansion where all foreign words were purged out of the language
Korean - Defense of the national language (1950s-1970s); foreign
words eliminated
◉ Linguistic protectionism.
Answer: Process in which new words are heavily encouraged /
required to be created with strategies B/C
◉ How did Turkey break away from the Ottoman Empire (language
wise)?.
Answer: Reforms after the empire fell:
, 1. Switching over to Roman script to write language instead of
Arabic
2. Expansion of Turkish language (purging foreign words, creating
new terms)
◉ Sun Language Theory.
Answer: All European languages were initially derived from the
Turkish
◉ Russian strategies.
Answer: Russification + Minor language development
◉ Russification.
Answer: Russian Cyrillic alphabet had to be used in the writing of al
languages in the Soviet Union (in order to separate minority
linguistic groups from ethnic groups near the USSR)
◉ Minor language development.
Answer: If a large number of minor languages were spoken within
an area, then the different ethnic people would not unite under any
non-Russian language
◉ Negative planning.
