LINA01 COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW WITH
FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Register
Answer: variety of language used in very particular social settings
●● Register/style
Answer: refers to the level of formality
●● Grammar
Answer: mental system of rules that exists in the head of native speakers
●● Mental grammar
Answer: system of rules allow native speakers of language to produce
and understand sentences that have never been produced or heard before
●● What are the fie components of mental grammar?
Answer: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics
●● Phonetics
Answer: deals with the perception and articulation of speech sounds
,●● Phonology
Answer: deals with sound combinations, particularly which sound
combinations are possible
●● Morphology
Answer: deals with the structure of words
●● Syntax
Answer: deals with sentence structure
●● Semantics
Answer: deals with meaning and the interpretation of sentences
●● Prescriptive grammar is also known as
Answer: traditional grammar
●● Prescriptive grammar
Answer: is the approach to grammar that governs the version of English
which is considered appropriate for use by educated speakers
●● In prescriptive grammar:
Answer: 1. One form is more logical than another
2. There is an appeal to classical forms
,3. There is a preference for older forms of the language
4. There is an injunction against the use of foreign words (words
borrowed from other languages)
●● Descriptive grammar
Answer: characterizes the actual language of specific groups of people
in a range of situation
●● Linguists are _________________________ grammarians
Answer: descriptive
●● Descriptive linguists counter the prescriptive claims with the
following:
Answer: a. All varieties of a language are valid systems with their own
logic and conventions.
b. There is no scientific reason to expect one language to match the mold
of another.
c. Languages are continually changing in subtle ways without reducing
their usefulness, preciseness or aesthetic value.
d. All languages have adopted words from other sources.
●● Descriptive rules
Answer: a. Articles like the and a precede nouns in English.
b. In English, adjectives come before nouns to modify them.
, c. The word order in English is Subject + Verb + Object (SVO).
●● Prescriptive rules
Answer: a. don't end a sentence with a preposition
b. don't split an infinitive
c. don't use double negatives. Two negatives= positive
●● Generality
Answer: all languages/dialects (and speakers/signers) have a
grammar;individual grammatical systems differ in the use of structure
formation rules.
●● What are the five characteristics of grammar?
Answer: Generality, Parity, Mutability, Inaccesibility, Universality
●● Parity
Answer: all grammars are equal. There is no such thing as a "primitive"
language.
●● Mutability
Answer: grammars change over time. Moreover, when grammars
change, they do so within strict limits.
FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Register
Answer: variety of language used in very particular social settings
●● Register/style
Answer: refers to the level of formality
●● Grammar
Answer: mental system of rules that exists in the head of native speakers
●● Mental grammar
Answer: system of rules allow native speakers of language to produce
and understand sentences that have never been produced or heard before
●● What are the fie components of mental grammar?
Answer: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics
●● Phonetics
Answer: deals with the perception and articulation of speech sounds
,●● Phonology
Answer: deals with sound combinations, particularly which sound
combinations are possible
●● Morphology
Answer: deals with the structure of words
●● Syntax
Answer: deals with sentence structure
●● Semantics
Answer: deals with meaning and the interpretation of sentences
●● Prescriptive grammar is also known as
Answer: traditional grammar
●● Prescriptive grammar
Answer: is the approach to grammar that governs the version of English
which is considered appropriate for use by educated speakers
●● In prescriptive grammar:
Answer: 1. One form is more logical than another
2. There is an appeal to classical forms
,3. There is a preference for older forms of the language
4. There is an injunction against the use of foreign words (words
borrowed from other languages)
●● Descriptive grammar
Answer: characterizes the actual language of specific groups of people
in a range of situation
●● Linguists are _________________________ grammarians
Answer: descriptive
●● Descriptive linguists counter the prescriptive claims with the
following:
Answer: a. All varieties of a language are valid systems with their own
logic and conventions.
b. There is no scientific reason to expect one language to match the mold
of another.
c. Languages are continually changing in subtle ways without reducing
their usefulness, preciseness or aesthetic value.
d. All languages have adopted words from other sources.
●● Descriptive rules
Answer: a. Articles like the and a precede nouns in English.
b. In English, adjectives come before nouns to modify them.
, c. The word order in English is Subject + Verb + Object (SVO).
●● Prescriptive rules
Answer: a. don't end a sentence with a preposition
b. don't split an infinitive
c. don't use double negatives. Two negatives= positive
●● Generality
Answer: all languages/dialects (and speakers/signers) have a
grammar;individual grammatical systems differ in the use of structure
formation rules.
●● What are the five characteristics of grammar?
Answer: Generality, Parity, Mutability, Inaccesibility, Universality
●● Parity
Answer: all grammars are equal. There is no such thing as a "primitive"
language.
●● Mutability
Answer: grammars change over time. Moreover, when grammars
change, they do so within strict limits.
