BIO 253 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Responses to an increase in body temperature
-sweating -flushing & redness of skin -Vasodilation of dermal blood vessels
2. Responses to a decrease in body temperature
-pale skin -contraction of arrector pili -inactivity of sweat glands -Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels
3. stratum corneum
-the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells -prevents toxins from entering the
body
4. stratum basale
-the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new
cells -attached to the basement membrane
5. Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)
stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
6. Primary function of epidermal layer
Prevents water loss & entry of microorganisms
7. Primary function of sensory receptors
Provides input about environment & environmental conditions
8. Primary function of dermal blood supply
Maintenance of body temperature
9. Primary function of melanocytes
Production of pigment, found in the deepest layers
10. Keratinocytes
-The most abundant epidermal cells -function mainly to produce keratin -provide waterproofing to the skin
11. Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
12. Keratinization
-hardening of cells -occurs in epidermis
13. Free nerve ending (type of dermis sensory receptor)
-temperature sensors -located throughout dermis & into epidermis
14. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles (type of dermis sensory receptor)
-detects heavy pressure -in deep dermis
15. Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles (type of dermis sensory receptor)
-detect light pressure -in upper dermis & dermal papillae
16. How do apocrine glands differ from other skin glands?
Secrete in response to emotional stimuli.
1
, 17. dermal papillae
-increases surface area of contact between the epidermis & dermis -allows for improved gas & nutrient
exchange, and waste removal by dermal blood vessels
18. function of arrector pili
-contract in response to cold and fear, causing elevation of the hair shaft and skin (goosebumps) -shifts
position of the hair follicle -smooth muscle
19. Vitamin D
The skin has a role in the production of this
20. Structures missing from soles of feet/palm of hand
-sweat glands -hair
21. Major difference b/t connective tissue & epithelial tissue
The cells of connective tissue have more space between them
22. stratified epithelial tissue
-multiple layers of cells -found on superficial surface of skin -resists abrasion -sometimes keratinized
-some cells rest on top of other cells
23. Bacteria
-single celled, prokaryotic organisms -do not have a nucleus, no organelles with a membrane -treated w/
antibiotics
24. Virus
-not made of cells -smaller than bacteria -have nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and proteins -must infect cells to
reproduce -treated with antivirals
25. Fungus, Protozoa, worms
-eukaryotic pathogens -treated w/ drugs that target pathogen's metabolism -bigger than bacteria/virus
-do have nuclei, organelles w/ cell membrane
26. shape of skeletal muscle
-long and cylindrical -threadlike
2
VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Responses to an increase in body temperature
-sweating -flushing & redness of skin -Vasodilation of dermal blood vessels
2. Responses to a decrease in body temperature
-pale skin -contraction of arrector pili -inactivity of sweat glands -Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels
3. stratum corneum
-the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells -prevents toxins from entering the
body
4. stratum basale
-the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new
cells -attached to the basement membrane
5. Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)
stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
6. Primary function of epidermal layer
Prevents water loss & entry of microorganisms
7. Primary function of sensory receptors
Provides input about environment & environmental conditions
8. Primary function of dermal blood supply
Maintenance of body temperature
9. Primary function of melanocytes
Production of pigment, found in the deepest layers
10. Keratinocytes
-The most abundant epidermal cells -function mainly to produce keratin -provide waterproofing to the skin
11. Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
12. Keratinization
-hardening of cells -occurs in epidermis
13. Free nerve ending (type of dermis sensory receptor)
-temperature sensors -located throughout dermis & into epidermis
14. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles (type of dermis sensory receptor)
-detects heavy pressure -in deep dermis
15. Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles (type of dermis sensory receptor)
-detect light pressure -in upper dermis & dermal papillae
16. How do apocrine glands differ from other skin glands?
Secrete in response to emotional stimuli.
1
, 17. dermal papillae
-increases surface area of contact between the epidermis & dermis -allows for improved gas & nutrient
exchange, and waste removal by dermal blood vessels
18. function of arrector pili
-contract in response to cold and fear, causing elevation of the hair shaft and skin (goosebumps) -shifts
position of the hair follicle -smooth muscle
19. Vitamin D
The skin has a role in the production of this
20. Structures missing from soles of feet/palm of hand
-sweat glands -hair
21. Major difference b/t connective tissue & epithelial tissue
The cells of connective tissue have more space between them
22. stratified epithelial tissue
-multiple layers of cells -found on superficial surface of skin -resists abrasion -sometimes keratinized
-some cells rest on top of other cells
23. Bacteria
-single celled, prokaryotic organisms -do not have a nucleus, no organelles with a membrane -treated w/
antibiotics
24. Virus
-not made of cells -smaller than bacteria -have nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and proteins -must infect cells to
reproduce -treated with antivirals
25. Fungus, Protozoa, worms
-eukaryotic pathogens -treated w/ drugs that target pathogen's metabolism -bigger than bacteria/virus
-do have nuclei, organelles w/ cell membrane
26. shape of skeletal muscle
-long and cylindrical -threadlike
2
