BIO 235 Biology Final 2027 | Study Guide Q&A | A+ Guaranteed
Pass Material
Question 1.
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to the
____, loses ___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta c)Right atrium, right
ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta
Correct Answer: A. Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2,
pulmonary veins
Question 2.
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
upper respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
lower respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract
Correct Answer: B. Air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and
CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower respiratory tract
Question 3.
Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea
Correct Answer: C. terminal bronchioles
Question 4.
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while ___cells are
responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
Correct Answer: d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
,Question 5.
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when
a) P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall
Correct Answer: a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
Question 6.
What keeps the lungs from collapsing Check the
Correct Answer: b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by negative
pressure from pleural cavity
Question 7.
Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of the
alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli
Correct Answer: c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs
expand, air flows into alveoli
Question 8.
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface
Correct Answer: a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner
lung surface
Question 9.
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above
Correct Answer: d) none of the above
,Question 10.
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma
Correct Answer: a) increased lung compliance
Question 11.
which is true abbout the pleural sac a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects
the lungs from infections
b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating
fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative pressure
compared to atmospheric pressure
Correct Answer: b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a
tiny volume of lubricating fluid
Question 12.
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus d)respiratory bronchiole
Correct Answer: d)respiratory bronchiole
• the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is
increased when there is an increase in which of these? a)air resistance b)the
pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm -✓✓b)the pressure gradiant from the
atmosphere to the alveoli
Question 13.
under normal circumstances, which of the following would result from an increase in
transpulmonary pressure?
a) inhalation/inspiration
b) exhalation/expiration
c) a collapsed lung
d) emphysema
Correct Answer: a) inhalation/inspiration
, Question 14.
which of the following statements about the response of arteriole smooth muscle to
changing ocygen partial pressure is true?
a) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting
b) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating
c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles
constrict in response to decreased PO
d) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting but pulmonary
arterioles dilate in response to decreased PO2
Correct Answer: c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by
dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict in response to decreased PO
Question 15.
during an unforced exhalation/expiration, which would NOT be true?
a) alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
c) intrapleural pressure becomes less negative
d) the diaphragm relaxes
Correct Answer: b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
Question 16.
which true regarding how gases dissolve in liquids? a0 the concentration of a gas in a
liquid equilibrates to match the concentration of that gas in the air to which of the liquid
is exposed
b) different gasses have the same solubility in liquids
c) the partial pressure of a gas in a liquid is equal to the amount greatly diffusing in the
liquid plus the amount bound to large molecules within the liquid
d) the partial pressure of a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the partial
pressure o that gas in the air to which the liquid is exposed
Correct Answer: d) the partial pressure of a particular gas in a liquid
equilibrates to match the partial pressure o that gas in the air to which the
liquid is exposed
Question 17.
which of these results from hyperventilation?
a) increased alveolar PCO2 and decreased alveolar PO2
b) an increase in both PO2 & PO2
c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased alveolar PO2
d) a decrease in both alveolar PCO2 & PO2
Correct Answer: c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased alveolar PO2
Pass Material
Question 1.
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to the
____, loses ___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta c)Right atrium, right
ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta
Correct Answer: A. Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2,
pulmonary veins
Question 2.
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
upper respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the
lower respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract
Correct Answer: B. Air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and
CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower respiratory tract
Question 3.
Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea
Correct Answer: C. terminal bronchioles
Question 4.
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while ___cells are
responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
Correct Answer: d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
,Question 5.
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when
a) P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall
Correct Answer: a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
Question 6.
What keeps the lungs from collapsing Check the
Correct Answer: b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by negative
pressure from pleural cavity
Question 7.
Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of the
alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli
Correct Answer: c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs
expand, air flows into alveoli
Question 8.
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface
Correct Answer: a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner
lung surface
Question 9.
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above
Correct Answer: d) none of the above
,Question 10.
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma
Correct Answer: a) increased lung compliance
Question 11.
which is true abbout the pleural sac a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects
the lungs from infections
b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating
fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative pressure
compared to atmospheric pressure
Correct Answer: b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a
tiny volume of lubricating fluid
Question 12.
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus d)respiratory bronchiole
Correct Answer: d)respiratory bronchiole
• the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is
increased when there is an increase in which of these? a)air resistance b)the
pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm -✓✓b)the pressure gradiant from the
atmosphere to the alveoli
Question 13.
under normal circumstances, which of the following would result from an increase in
transpulmonary pressure?
a) inhalation/inspiration
b) exhalation/expiration
c) a collapsed lung
d) emphysema
Correct Answer: a) inhalation/inspiration
, Question 14.
which of the following statements about the response of arteriole smooth muscle to
changing ocygen partial pressure is true?
a) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting
b) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating
c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles
constrict in response to decreased PO
d) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting but pulmonary
arterioles dilate in response to decreased PO2
Correct Answer: c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by
dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict in response to decreased PO
Question 15.
during an unforced exhalation/expiration, which would NOT be true?
a) alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
c) intrapleural pressure becomes less negative
d) the diaphragm relaxes
Correct Answer: b) intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
Question 16.
which true regarding how gases dissolve in liquids? a0 the concentration of a gas in a
liquid equilibrates to match the concentration of that gas in the air to which of the liquid
is exposed
b) different gasses have the same solubility in liquids
c) the partial pressure of a gas in a liquid is equal to the amount greatly diffusing in the
liquid plus the amount bound to large molecules within the liquid
d) the partial pressure of a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the partial
pressure o that gas in the air to which the liquid is exposed
Correct Answer: d) the partial pressure of a particular gas in a liquid
equilibrates to match the partial pressure o that gas in the air to which the
liquid is exposed
Question 17.
which of these results from hyperventilation?
a) increased alveolar PCO2 and decreased alveolar PO2
b) an increase in both PO2 & PO2
c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased alveolar PO2
d) a decrease in both alveolar PCO2 & PO2
Correct Answer: c) decreased alveolar PCO2 & increased alveolar PO2
