BIO 181 UNIT 2 GENETICS BYU I UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Mitosis purpose
Growth & repair; produces identical somatic cells
2. Meiosis purpose
Gamete formation; produces genetically unique haploid cells
3. Diploid (2n)
Two sets of chromosomes
4. Haploid (n)
One set of chromosomes (gametes)
5. Prophase I
Synapsis, tetrads, crossing over occurs
6. Metaphase I
Homologous pairs line up at midline; independent assortment
7. Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate; sister chromatids stay together
8. Telophase I
Two haploid nuclei form
9. Interkinesis
Resting phase between meiosis I and II, no DNA replication
10. Prophase II
Spindle reforms in two haploid cells
11. Metaphase II
Chromosomes line up single file
12. Anaphase II
Sister chromatids separate
13. Telophase II
Four genetically unique haploid cells form
14. Crossing over
Exchange of DNA between homologs, increases genetic diversity
15. Independent assortment
Random chromosome alignment in metaphase I
16. Random fertilization
Random sperm + egg combination increases variation
1
, 17. Homologous chromosomes
Same genes, different alleles (one from each parent)
18. Sister chromatids
Identical DNA copies attached at centromere
19. Centromere
Region where sister chromatids connect
20. Telomere
Protective chromosome end sequence
21. Synapsis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I
22. Synaptonemal complex
Protein structure enabling synapsis and crossing over
23. Cell cycle phases
G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (prep), M (division)
24. Mitosis cells produced
2 diploid genetically identical cells
25. Meiosis cells produced
4 haploid genetically unique gametes
26. Diploid dominant
Animal life cycle type
27. Haploid dominant
Fungal life cycle type
28. Alternation of generations
Plant life cycle: haploid and diploid multicellular stages
29. P generation
Parental generation in Mendel's experiments
30. F1 generation
First filial generation (offspring of P)
31. F2 generation
Second filial generation (offspring of F1 self-cross)
32. True-breeding
Homozygous parents producing identical offspring
33. Dominant allele
Expressed when present (A)
34. Recessive allele
Masked by dominant allele (a)
2
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Mitosis purpose
Growth & repair; produces identical somatic cells
2. Meiosis purpose
Gamete formation; produces genetically unique haploid cells
3. Diploid (2n)
Two sets of chromosomes
4. Haploid (n)
One set of chromosomes (gametes)
5. Prophase I
Synapsis, tetrads, crossing over occurs
6. Metaphase I
Homologous pairs line up at midline; independent assortment
7. Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate; sister chromatids stay together
8. Telophase I
Two haploid nuclei form
9. Interkinesis
Resting phase between meiosis I and II, no DNA replication
10. Prophase II
Spindle reforms in two haploid cells
11. Metaphase II
Chromosomes line up single file
12. Anaphase II
Sister chromatids separate
13. Telophase II
Four genetically unique haploid cells form
14. Crossing over
Exchange of DNA between homologs, increases genetic diversity
15. Independent assortment
Random chromosome alignment in metaphase I
16. Random fertilization
Random sperm + egg combination increases variation
1
, 17. Homologous chromosomes
Same genes, different alleles (one from each parent)
18. Sister chromatids
Identical DNA copies attached at centromere
19. Centromere
Region where sister chromatids connect
20. Telomere
Protective chromosome end sequence
21. Synapsis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I
22. Synaptonemal complex
Protein structure enabling synapsis and crossing over
23. Cell cycle phases
G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (prep), M (division)
24. Mitosis cells produced
2 diploid genetically identical cells
25. Meiosis cells produced
4 haploid genetically unique gametes
26. Diploid dominant
Animal life cycle type
27. Haploid dominant
Fungal life cycle type
28. Alternation of generations
Plant life cycle: haploid and diploid multicellular stages
29. P generation
Parental generation in Mendel's experiments
30. F1 generation
First filial generation (offspring of P)
31. F2 generation
Second filial generation (offspring of F1 self-cross)
32. True-breeding
Homozygous parents producing identical offspring
33. Dominant allele
Expressed when present (A)
34. Recessive allele
Masked by dominant allele (a)
2
