SLO1 Study Guide Questions with Verified
Correct Answers
Skinner?
REWARDS AND CONDITIONING
behaviorism (language is learned through rewards, repetition, and reinforcement)
stimulus/response/conditioning (a person hears or experiences something, responds, and
learns from the consequence)
Chomsky?
BORN WITH LANGUAGE
innateness hypothesis (humans are born with a natural ability to learn language)
universal grammar (the brain has an inborn system that helps children understand the basic
rules of language)
Vygotsky?
LEARNING WITH HELP/SOCIAL INTERACTION
sociocultural theory (language develops through social interaction with other people)
learning is socially mediated (we learn language by talking, working, and interacting with
more knowledgeable people)
Zone of Proximal Development!
Sinclair?
, SEARCHES LARGE SAMPLES OF LANGUAGE
corpus studies (language is studied by looking at large collections of real spoken and written
language)
analyze patterns in language (researchers look for common word combinations, grammar
patterns, and how language is actually used)
Krashen?
monitor model (a theory explaining how people acquire a second language, mainly through
understandable language input)
five hypotheses (acquisition-learning, monitor, natural order, input, affective filter)
Cummins?
BICS: everyday social language and CALP: academic language
Asher?
ACTIONS AND MOVEMENT
total physical response (TPR): learning by physically responding with actions or movement
Chamot and O'Malley?
CALLA-Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach: teaches English while also
learning content areas
Criticisms of behaviorism?
1. does not account for creativity in language 2. children can understand language before they
speak
Correct Answers
Skinner?
REWARDS AND CONDITIONING
behaviorism (language is learned through rewards, repetition, and reinforcement)
stimulus/response/conditioning (a person hears or experiences something, responds, and
learns from the consequence)
Chomsky?
BORN WITH LANGUAGE
innateness hypothesis (humans are born with a natural ability to learn language)
universal grammar (the brain has an inborn system that helps children understand the basic
rules of language)
Vygotsky?
LEARNING WITH HELP/SOCIAL INTERACTION
sociocultural theory (language develops through social interaction with other people)
learning is socially mediated (we learn language by talking, working, and interacting with
more knowledgeable people)
Zone of Proximal Development!
Sinclair?
, SEARCHES LARGE SAMPLES OF LANGUAGE
corpus studies (language is studied by looking at large collections of real spoken and written
language)
analyze patterns in language (researchers look for common word combinations, grammar
patterns, and how language is actually used)
Krashen?
monitor model (a theory explaining how people acquire a second language, mainly through
understandable language input)
five hypotheses (acquisition-learning, monitor, natural order, input, affective filter)
Cummins?
BICS: everyday social language and CALP: academic language
Asher?
ACTIONS AND MOVEMENT
total physical response (TPR): learning by physically responding with actions or movement
Chamot and O'Malley?
CALLA-Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach: teaches English while also
learning content areas
Criticisms of behaviorism?
1. does not account for creativity in language 2. children can understand language before they
speak
