Nres 250 Exam #3 Updated Questions And Correct Answers

NRES 250 EXAM #3 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What are the ecological services (roles) do wet-land provide? Why are these important?
Answer:
Water storage to mitigate flooding and erosion, reduce sediment and nutrients to improve water
quality, sequester atmospheric carbon, groundwater recharge

Question:
2. What do fish use wet-lands for?
Answer:
Spawning and rearing habitat

Question:
3. What is an ephemeral wetland?
Answer:
Wetlands only wet in spring time

Question:
4. How do land use prac-tices in the watershed affect stream habitats?
Answer:
Watershed: Drainage basin All land practice impact Everything on the land flows into the water

Question:
5. Which is more in-fluential related to stream habitat degra-dation: in-stream prob-lems or problems
in the watershed?
Answer:
Problems in the watershed

Question:
6. What are some of the important functions of a riparian zone one streams?
Answer:
Riparian zones are critical because they link food webs together and because ag vs. forested

Question:
7. What are the effects of different forestry prac-tices on riparian zones?
Answer:
- forest management critical to stream health
- forests provides erosion control and thermal benefits
- woody debris important stream habitat
- clear-cutting increases sediment loads and stream temperatures
- develop better strategies (selective harvest- small, strategic cuts)
- no logging at all

Question:
8. What are some com-mon stream degrada-tion issues?

, Answer:
- sedimentation
- habitat loss (physical and thermal)
- increase BOD
- altered channel morphology
- flooding
- fish passage
- toxins
- fishing is poor

Question:
9. Point-source pollution
Answer:
A problem that can be directly attributed to a specific location

Question:
10. Non-point pollution
Answer:
Problem might be obvious, but now one single source can be directly identified

Question:
11. Which is better: preser-vation or restoration?
And why?
Answer:
Preservation or "natural" condition in stream and watershed is the best approach
- An ounce of prevention is work point of cure
- Restoration often not 100% successful in replicating natural conditions
- Preservation takes priority over restoration

Question:
12. What are some types of in-stream habitat mod-ifications that we can do?
Answer:
Bank covers often improve populations, de-brushing, brush bundles, half logs often do not important
populations

Question:
13. Which species, brook or brown trout, is more tolerant of lower dis-solved oxygen (DO) lev-els
and warmer tem-peratures?
Answer:
Brown Trout

Question:
14. How are trout typical-ly distributed within a stream?
Answer:
- Headwaters = brook trout
- Middle sections = both
- Lower sections = brown trout
- Lowest sections = large brown trout

, - These are all typically in low order streams (1-3)

Question:
15. How do we typically sample stream trout in Wisconsin?
What gear/s?
Answer:
Electrofishing

Question:
16. Which performs better in Wisconsin streams, wild or domestic trout?
Answer:
Wild trout because they survival is 2-4 times greater

Question:
17. What are some com-mon harvest regula-tions for trout in Wis-consin streams? (more than just
numbers and sizes)
Answer:
- Creel and length limits
- Gear restrictions (fish-flying only, artificial only, single hook)
- Many stream-specific
- Many specific to stream segments or reaches
- Trophy regulations

Question:
18. How does stratification occur?
Answer:
When the density if different between two water layers, cold water is more dense than warm water

Question:
19. What are the layers of stratification?
Answer:
Epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion

Question:
20. When is the warmest water on the top vs. bottom of a lake?
Answer:
Warm water is on top during the summer, and warm water is one the bottom during winter

Question:
21. What is more produc-tive?
Eutrophic vs.
Mesotrophic vs. Olig-otrophic
Answer:
Eutrophic

Question:
22. the shallow, well-lit wa-ters close to shore, rooted plants