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GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS (7TH EDITION) EXAM
QUESTIONS 2026 EXAM LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED
100 %
Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (7th Edition) — Questions
SECTION I: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Q1–Q15)
1. A nurse is reviewing a client's medical history and notes that the client
developed a rash after starting a new prescription medication. This condition is
best classified as which type of disease?
A. Idiopathic
B. Iatrogenic
C. Congenital
D. Nosocomial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An iatrogenic disease is an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug or medical
treatment. The rash developed as a direct result of the prescribed medication.
2. A nurse is assessing a client and documents findings including fever, swelling of
the knee, and a red rash on the face. Which of these is considered a systemic sign
of disease?
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A. Swelling of the knee
B. Fever
C. Pain in the neck
D. Red rash on the face
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever is a systemic sign of disease because it affects the whole body.
Swelling of the knee, pain in the neck, and a red rash on the face are localized signs.
3. A client asks the nurse, "What does the term prognosis mean?" Which response
by the nurse is most accurate?
A. "It refers to the precipitating factors causing an acute episode."
B. "It is the number of remissions to be expected during a chronic illness."
C. "It is the predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease."
D. "It refers to the exacerbations occurring during a chronic illness."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prognosis is the predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific
disease. Etiology refers to causes, while remission and exacerbation refer to the course
of a chronic illness.
4. A nurse is studying the causes of a disease. The study of the causes of disease is
known as which of the following?
A. Prognosis
B. Etiology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Manifestations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Etiology is defined as the study of the causes of disease. Prognosis is the
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predicted outcome, pathogenesis is the development of the disease, and
manifestations are the signs and symptoms.
5. A client's biopsy report describes cells that vary in size and shape and show
increased mitotic figures. This change is best described as which of the following?
A. Metaplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysplasia is a change in tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape
and show increased mitotic figures. Metaplasia is a reversible change in cell type,
atrophy is a decrease in cell size, and hypertrophy is an increase in cell size.
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a deficit of oxygen in the cells due to respiratory
or circulatory problems. This condition is called which of the following?
A. Apoptosis
B. Ischemia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia is a deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or
circulatory problems. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, hypertrophy is increased
cell size, and necrosis is cell death due to injury.
7. When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called which of the
following?
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A. Ischemia
B. Gangrene
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Necrosis refers to the death of a group of cells in the body due to injury or
disease. Ischemia is decreased blood supply, gangrene is necrosis with bacterial
invasion, and apoptosis is programmed cell death.
8. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to
as which of the following?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Anaplasia
D. Atrophy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is a type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell
size. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, metaplasia is a change in cell type, and
anaplasia is a lack of differentiation.
9. Which of the following best describes the term "manifestations of a disease"?
A. The subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
B. The signs and symptoms of a disease
C. The factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
D. The early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Manifestations of a disease are best defined as the signs and symptoms of a
disease. Signs are objective findings, while symptoms are subjective feelings.
GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS (7TH EDITION) EXAM
QUESTIONS 2026 EXAM LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED
100 %
Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (7th Edition) — Questions
SECTION I: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Q1–Q15)
1. A nurse is reviewing a client's medical history and notes that the client
developed a rash after starting a new prescription medication. This condition is
best classified as which type of disease?
A. Idiopathic
B. Iatrogenic
C. Congenital
D. Nosocomial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An iatrogenic disease is an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug or medical
treatment. The rash developed as a direct result of the prescribed medication.
2. A nurse is assessing a client and documents findings including fever, swelling of
the knee, and a red rash on the face. Which of these is considered a systemic sign
of disease?
, Page 2 of 110
A. Swelling of the knee
B. Fever
C. Pain in the neck
D. Red rash on the face
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever is a systemic sign of disease because it affects the whole body.
Swelling of the knee, pain in the neck, and a red rash on the face are localized signs.
3. A client asks the nurse, "What does the term prognosis mean?" Which response
by the nurse is most accurate?
A. "It refers to the precipitating factors causing an acute episode."
B. "It is the number of remissions to be expected during a chronic illness."
C. "It is the predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease."
D. "It refers to the exacerbations occurring during a chronic illness."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prognosis is the predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific
disease. Etiology refers to causes, while remission and exacerbation refer to the course
of a chronic illness.
4. A nurse is studying the causes of a disease. The study of the causes of disease is
known as which of the following?
A. Prognosis
B. Etiology
C. Pathogenesis
D. Manifestations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Etiology is defined as the study of the causes of disease. Prognosis is the
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predicted outcome, pathogenesis is the development of the disease, and
manifestations are the signs and symptoms.
5. A client's biopsy report describes cells that vary in size and shape and show
increased mitotic figures. This change is best described as which of the following?
A. Metaplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysplasia is a change in tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape
and show increased mitotic figures. Metaplasia is a reversible change in cell type,
atrophy is a decrease in cell size, and hypertrophy is an increase in cell size.
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a deficit of oxygen in the cells due to respiratory
or circulatory problems. This condition is called which of the following?
A. Apoptosis
B. Ischemia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia is a deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or
circulatory problems. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, hypertrophy is increased
cell size, and necrosis is cell death due to injury.
7. When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called which of the
following?
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A. Ischemia
B. Gangrene
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Necrosis refers to the death of a group of cells in the body due to injury or
disease. Ischemia is decreased blood supply, gangrene is necrosis with bacterial
invasion, and apoptosis is programmed cell death.
8. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to
as which of the following?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Anaplasia
D. Atrophy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is a type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell
size. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, metaplasia is a change in cell type, and
anaplasia is a lack of differentiation.
9. Which of the following best describes the term "manifestations of a disease"?
A. The subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
B. The signs and symptoms of a disease
C. The factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
D. The early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Manifestations of a disease are best defined as the signs and symptoms of a
disease. Signs are objective findings, while symptoms are subjective feelings.
