Slcc Biol 1610 College Biology I Examination
Complete Questions And Detailed Solutions Latest
Update This Year - PERFECT RATIONALE
Q1: What are the four major classes of biological macromolecules?
A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
B. Water, salts, acids, bases
C. DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP
D. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
CONCEPT: Macromolecules. CORRECT: Four major classes: carbohydrates (monosaccharides polysaccharides), lipids (fats
phospholipids steroids), proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids (DNA RNA) per Campbell Biology. WHY B WRONG: Water salts acids
bases inorganic not macromolecules. WHY C WRONG: DNA RNA ATP ADP are nucleic acids/nucleotides subset. WHY D WRONG:
Glucose fructose sucrose starch all carbohydrates only. TIP: C L P N = Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.
Q2: What type of bond holds water molecules together and gives water cohesion?
A. Ionic bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
C. Peptide bonds
D. Covalent bonds only
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. Hydrogen bonds
CONCEPT: Water properties. CORRECT: Hydrogen bonds between slightly positive H and slightly negative O of different water
molecules gives cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, surface tension. WHY B WRONG: Ionic bonds between ions not water-water.
WHY C WRONG: Peptide bonds link amino acids. WHY D WRONG: Covalent holds O-H within molecule, not between molecules. TIP:
Hydrogen bonds = between molecules cohesion adhesion high specific heat.
Q3: What is pH 3 vs pH 6 difference in H+ concentration?
A. pH 6 has more H+
B. pH 3 has 1000 times more H+ than pH 6 (each pH unit 10x)
C. pH 3 has 3 times more H+
D. Same H+
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. pH 3 has 1000 times more H+ than pH 6 (each pH unit 10x)
CONCEPT: pH scale logarithmic. CORRECT: pH scale logarithmic base 10: pH = -log[H+], each unit 10x change. pH 3 vs pH 6
difference 3 units = 10^3 = 1000x more H+ at lower pH. WHY B WRONG: Not 3 times, 1000 times. WHY C WRONG: Different H+. WHY
D WRONG: Lower pH more H+. TIP: Each pH unit = 10x H+ change.
Page 1 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
,Q4: Which organelle is site of protein synthesis?
A. Ribosome (free or rough ER bound)
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria makes protein but main synthesis is ribosome
D. Nucleus
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. Ribosome (free or rough ER bound)
CONCEPT: Cell structure. CORRECT: Ribosome site of protein synthesis - free in cytosol makes cytosolic proteins, bound to rough ER
makes secretory membrane proteins per SLCC Biol 1610 Chapter 6. WHY B WRONG: Nucleus stores DNA not synthesis. WHY C
WRONG: Lysosome digestion. WHY D WRONG: Mitochondria makes some proteins but main synthesis ribosome. TIP: Ribosome =
protein factory.
Q5: What is function of mitochondria?
A. Cellular respiration - ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
B. Photosynthesis
C. DNA replication only
D. Protein storage
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. Cellular respiration - ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
CONCEPT: Mitochondria. CORRECT: Mitochondria powerhouse - cellular respiration: pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle (Krebs) in
matrix, oxidative phosphorylation ETC in cristae inner membrane produces ATP per Chapter 9. WHY B WRONG: Photosynthesis
chloroplast. WHY C WRONG: Not storage. WHY D WRONG: DNA replication nucleus. TIP: Mitochondria = cellular respiration ATP.
Q6: What is fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane?
A. Static no movement
B. Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, fluid - proteins move laterally - Singer Nicolson 1972
C. Rigid solid wall only phospholipids
D. Only proteins no lipids
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, fluid - proteins move laterally - Singer Nicolson 1972
CONCEPT: Membrane structure. CORRECT: Fluid mosaic model per Singer Nicolson 1972: phospholipid bilayer fluid, embedded
integral and peripheral proteins, cholesterol modulates fluidity, proteins move laterally - mosaic of proteins in fluid lipids. WHY B
WRONG: Not rigid solid wall, fluid. WHY C WRONG: Both lipids and proteins. WHY D WRONG: Fluid movement not static. TIP: Fluid
mosaic = phospholipid bilayer fluid + proteins mosaic move.
Page 2 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
,Q7: What is osmosis?
A. Active transport of water requiring ATP
B. Diffusion of solute
C. No membrane needed
D. Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration low solute to low water high solute
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
D. Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration low solute to low water high solute
CONCEPT: Osmosis. CORRECT: Osmosis diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane from high water potential (low
solute) to low water potential (high solute) - passive no ATP - aquaporins facilitate. WHY B WRONG: Solute diffusion not water. WHY C
WRONG: Passive not active ATP. WHY D WRONG: Requires membrane. TIP: Osmosis = water diffusion high water to low water across
membrane.
Q8: What happens in competitive inhibition of enzyme?
A. Binds allosteric site
B. Denatures enzyme
C. Competitive inhibitor binds active site blocks substrate - can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration - Vmax same Km
increased
D. Non-competitive
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
C. Competitive inhibitor binds active site blocks substrate - can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration - Vmax same Km
increased
CONCEPT: Enzyme inhibition. CORRECT: Competitive inhibition inhibitor competes for active site - similar shape to substrate - binds
active site blocks substrate - reversible - overcome by more substrate - Vmax unchanged Km increased apparent. WHY B WRONG:
Allosteric is non-competitive allosteric site. WHY C WRONG: Non-competitive binds allosteric Vmax decreased. WHY D WRONG:
Denaturation destroys structure not competitive. TIP: Competitive = active site, overcome by more substrate, Vmax same Km increased.
Q9: What is equation for cellular respiration?
A. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy (30-38 ATP)
B. Only glycolysis
C. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
D. ATP -> ADP + Pi
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy (30-38 ATP)
CONCEPT: Cellular respiration equation. CORRECT: C6H12O6 glucose + 6 O2 oxygen -> 6 CO2 carbon dioxide + 6 H2O water +
energy ATP 30-38 ATP per glucose - reverse of photosynthesis. WHY B WRONG: That's photosynthesis equation reverse. WHY C
WRONG: ATP hydrolysis not respiration. WHY D WRONG: Only glycolysis incomplete equation. TIP: Respiration = glucose + oxygen ->
CO2 + water + ATP - opposite photosynthesis.
Page 3 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
, Q10: Where does photosynthesis light dependent reactions occur and what produced?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Thylakoid membrane in chloroplast - produces ATP, NADPH, O2 from photolysis
C. Stroma - glucose
D. Mitochondria matrix
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. Thylakoid membrane in chloroplast - produces ATP, NADPH, O2 from photolysis
CONCEPT: Photosynthesis light reactions. CORRECT: Light dependent reactions in thylakoid membrane of chloroplast - photosystems
PSII PSI - photolysis water produces O2, electron transport produces ATP via chemiosmosis and NADPH. WHY B WRONG: Stroma is
Calvin cycle glucose. WHY C WRONG: Cytoplasm not photosynthesis. WHY D WRONG: Mitochondria respiration. TIP: Light reactions
thylakoid membrane ATP NADPH O2 - Calvin stroma glucose.
Q11: What is Calvin cycle location and products?
A. Thylakoid membrane - ATP
B. Mitochondria - ATP
C. Stroma of chloroplast - uses ATP NADPH CO2 to produce G3P glucose
D. Nucleus - DNA
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
C. Stroma of chloroplast - uses ATP NADPH CO2 to produce G3P glucose
CONCEPT: Calvin cycle. CORRECT: Calvin cycle light independent reactions in stroma of chloroplast - uses ATP NADPH from light
reactions + CO2 to produce G3P glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which makes glucose per Chapter 10. WHY B WRONG: Thylakoid light
reactions. WHY C WRONG: Mitochondria respiration. WHY D WRONG: Nucleus DNA. TIP: Calvin stroma ATP NADPH CO2 -> G3P
glucose.
Q12: What are stages of mitosis in order?
A. Interphase is mitosis
B. Only prophase and telophase
C. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
D. Anaphase first
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
C. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
CONCEPT: Mitosis stages. CORRECT: Mitosis PMAT: Prophase chromosomes condense, prometaphase nuclear envelope breaks,
metaphase chromosomes align at metaphase plate, anaphase sister chromatids separate, telophase nuclear envelope reforms,
cytokinesis cytoplasm divides per Chapter 12. WHY B WRONG: Anaphase not first. WHY C WRONG: Interphase not mitosis - G1 S G2.
WHY D WRONG: Many stages not only two. TIP: PMAT - Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase - plus prometaphase cytokinesis.
Page 4 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
Complete Questions And Detailed Solutions Latest
Update This Year - PERFECT RATIONALE
Q1: What are the four major classes of biological macromolecules?
A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
B. Water, salts, acids, bases
C. DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP
D. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
CONCEPT: Macromolecules. CORRECT: Four major classes: carbohydrates (monosaccharides polysaccharides), lipids (fats
phospholipids steroids), proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids (DNA RNA) per Campbell Biology. WHY B WRONG: Water salts acids
bases inorganic not macromolecules. WHY C WRONG: DNA RNA ATP ADP are nucleic acids/nucleotides subset. WHY D WRONG:
Glucose fructose sucrose starch all carbohydrates only. TIP: C L P N = Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.
Q2: What type of bond holds water molecules together and gives water cohesion?
A. Ionic bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
C. Peptide bonds
D. Covalent bonds only
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. Hydrogen bonds
CONCEPT: Water properties. CORRECT: Hydrogen bonds between slightly positive H and slightly negative O of different water
molecules gives cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, surface tension. WHY B WRONG: Ionic bonds between ions not water-water.
WHY C WRONG: Peptide bonds link amino acids. WHY D WRONG: Covalent holds O-H within molecule, not between molecules. TIP:
Hydrogen bonds = between molecules cohesion adhesion high specific heat.
Q3: What is pH 3 vs pH 6 difference in H+ concentration?
A. pH 6 has more H+
B. pH 3 has 1000 times more H+ than pH 6 (each pH unit 10x)
C. pH 3 has 3 times more H+
D. Same H+
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. pH 3 has 1000 times more H+ than pH 6 (each pH unit 10x)
CONCEPT: pH scale logarithmic. CORRECT: pH scale logarithmic base 10: pH = -log[H+], each unit 10x change. pH 3 vs pH 6
difference 3 units = 10^3 = 1000x more H+ at lower pH. WHY B WRONG: Not 3 times, 1000 times. WHY C WRONG: Different H+. WHY
D WRONG: Lower pH more H+. TIP: Each pH unit = 10x H+ change.
Page 1 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
,Q4: Which organelle is site of protein synthesis?
A. Ribosome (free or rough ER bound)
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria makes protein but main synthesis is ribosome
D. Nucleus
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. Ribosome (free or rough ER bound)
CONCEPT: Cell structure. CORRECT: Ribosome site of protein synthesis - free in cytosol makes cytosolic proteins, bound to rough ER
makes secretory membrane proteins per SLCC Biol 1610 Chapter 6. WHY B WRONG: Nucleus stores DNA not synthesis. WHY C
WRONG: Lysosome digestion. WHY D WRONG: Mitochondria makes some proteins but main synthesis ribosome. TIP: Ribosome =
protein factory.
Q5: What is function of mitochondria?
A. Cellular respiration - ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
B. Photosynthesis
C. DNA replication only
D. Protein storage
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. Cellular respiration - ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
CONCEPT: Mitochondria. CORRECT: Mitochondria powerhouse - cellular respiration: pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle (Krebs) in
matrix, oxidative phosphorylation ETC in cristae inner membrane produces ATP per Chapter 9. WHY B WRONG: Photosynthesis
chloroplast. WHY C WRONG: Not storage. WHY D WRONG: DNA replication nucleus. TIP: Mitochondria = cellular respiration ATP.
Q6: What is fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane?
A. Static no movement
B. Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, fluid - proteins move laterally - Singer Nicolson 1972
C. Rigid solid wall only phospholipids
D. Only proteins no lipids
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, fluid - proteins move laterally - Singer Nicolson 1972
CONCEPT: Membrane structure. CORRECT: Fluid mosaic model per Singer Nicolson 1972: phospholipid bilayer fluid, embedded
integral and peripheral proteins, cholesterol modulates fluidity, proteins move laterally - mosaic of proteins in fluid lipids. WHY B
WRONG: Not rigid solid wall, fluid. WHY C WRONG: Both lipids and proteins. WHY D WRONG: Fluid movement not static. TIP: Fluid
mosaic = phospholipid bilayer fluid + proteins mosaic move.
Page 2 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
,Q7: What is osmosis?
A. Active transport of water requiring ATP
B. Diffusion of solute
C. No membrane needed
D. Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration low solute to low water high solute
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
D. Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration low solute to low water high solute
CONCEPT: Osmosis. CORRECT: Osmosis diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane from high water potential (low
solute) to low water potential (high solute) - passive no ATP - aquaporins facilitate. WHY B WRONG: Solute diffusion not water. WHY C
WRONG: Passive not active ATP. WHY D WRONG: Requires membrane. TIP: Osmosis = water diffusion high water to low water across
membrane.
Q8: What happens in competitive inhibition of enzyme?
A. Binds allosteric site
B. Denatures enzyme
C. Competitive inhibitor binds active site blocks substrate - can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration - Vmax same Km
increased
D. Non-competitive
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
C. Competitive inhibitor binds active site blocks substrate - can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration - Vmax same Km
increased
CONCEPT: Enzyme inhibition. CORRECT: Competitive inhibition inhibitor competes for active site - similar shape to substrate - binds
active site blocks substrate - reversible - overcome by more substrate - Vmax unchanged Km increased apparent. WHY B WRONG:
Allosteric is non-competitive allosteric site. WHY C WRONG: Non-competitive binds allosteric Vmax decreased. WHY D WRONG:
Denaturation destroys structure not competitive. TIP: Competitive = active site, overcome by more substrate, Vmax same Km increased.
Q9: What is equation for cellular respiration?
A. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy (30-38 ATP)
B. Only glycolysis
C. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
D. ATP -> ADP + Pi
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
A. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy (30-38 ATP)
CONCEPT: Cellular respiration equation. CORRECT: C6H12O6 glucose + 6 O2 oxygen -> 6 CO2 carbon dioxide + 6 H2O water +
energy ATP 30-38 ATP per glucose - reverse of photosynthesis. WHY B WRONG: That's photosynthesis equation reverse. WHY C
WRONG: ATP hydrolysis not respiration. WHY D WRONG: Only glycolysis incomplete equation. TIP: Respiration = glucose + oxygen ->
CO2 + water + ATP - opposite photosynthesis.
Page 3 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
, Q10: Where does photosynthesis light dependent reactions occur and what produced?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Thylakoid membrane in chloroplast - produces ATP, NADPH, O2 from photolysis
C. Stroma - glucose
D. Mitochondria matrix
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
B. Thylakoid membrane in chloroplast - produces ATP, NADPH, O2 from photolysis
CONCEPT: Photosynthesis light reactions. CORRECT: Light dependent reactions in thylakoid membrane of chloroplast - photosystems
PSII PSI - photolysis water produces O2, electron transport produces ATP via chemiosmosis and NADPH. WHY B WRONG: Stroma is
Calvin cycle glucose. WHY C WRONG: Cytoplasm not photosynthesis. WHY D WRONG: Mitochondria respiration. TIP: Light reactions
thylakoid membrane ATP NADPH O2 - Calvin stroma glucose.
Q11: What is Calvin cycle location and products?
A. Thylakoid membrane - ATP
B. Mitochondria - ATP
C. Stroma of chloroplast - uses ATP NADPH CO2 to produce G3P glucose
D. Nucleus - DNA
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
C. Stroma of chloroplast - uses ATP NADPH CO2 to produce G3P glucose
CONCEPT: Calvin cycle. CORRECT: Calvin cycle light independent reactions in stroma of chloroplast - uses ATP NADPH from light
reactions + CO2 to produce G3P glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which makes glucose per Chapter 10. WHY B WRONG: Thylakoid light
reactions. WHY C WRONG: Mitochondria respiration. WHY D WRONG: Nucleus DNA. TIP: Calvin stroma ATP NADPH CO2 -> G3P
glucose.
Q12: What are stages of mitosis in order?
A. Interphase is mitosis
B. Only prophase and telophase
C. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
D. Anaphase first
Answer & ULTRA-Detailed Rationale:
C. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
CONCEPT: Mitosis stages. CORRECT: Mitosis PMAT: Prophase chromosomes condense, prometaphase nuclear envelope breaks,
metaphase chromosomes align at metaphase plate, anaphase sister chromatids separate, telophase nuclear envelope reforms,
cytokinesis cytoplasm divides per Chapter 12. WHY B WRONG: Anaphase not first. WHY C WRONG: Interphase not mitosis - G1 S G2.
WHY D WRONG: Many stages not only two. TIP: PMAT - Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase - plus prometaphase cytokinesis.
Page 4 | SLCC BIOL 1610 - PERFECT - 200 UNIQUE Q - BIG TITLE
