Nevada Agricultural Ground Pest Control Applicator Category B2 Weeds Examination Complete Questions And Detailed
Solutions Latest Update This Year
Q1: Nevada Category B2 Weeds definition agricultural ground?
A. Only insect control
B. Only aerial weeds
C. Only disease control
D. Control of weeds in agricultural crops including field crops pastures rangeland alfalfa using ground equipment herbicides - weed
identification and herbicide mode of action
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Control of weeds in agricultural crops including field crops pastures rangeland alfalfa using ground equipment herbicides - weed
identification and herbicide mode of action
Rationale: CORRECT: B2 Weeds agricultural ground weed control in field crops pastures rangeland alfalfa - ground equipment - requires weed ID
annual biennial perennial, herbicide mode of action, selective vs non-selective. WHY WRONG: B insect Category B1 insects? Actually B1 general
ag ground B2 weeds specialized. C disease different. D ground not aerial B2 aerial would be separate.
Q2: Weed life cycles - annual vs biennial vs perennial difference for herbicide timing?
A. Annual completes life in 1 year summer or winter annual - biennial 2 years rosette first year flower second - perennial lives >2 years
reproduces seeds and vegetative rhizomes stolons
B. All same 1 year
C. Only annual exists
D. Perennial 1 year
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
A. Annual completes life in 1 year summer or winter annual - biennial 2 years rosette first year flower second - perennial lives >2 years
reproduces seeds and vegetative rhizomes stolons
Rationale: CORRECT: Annual summer annual germinates spring summer e.g., pigweed crabgrass, winter annual fall germinates e.g., cheatgrass
mustards. Biennial 2 years e.g., musk thistle rosette year1 bolt year2. Perennial >2 years e.g., field bindweed Canada thistle bermudagrass
reproduces seeds vegetative rhizomes stolons harder to control. Timing critical pre vs post. WHY WRONG: B different life cycles control differs. C
biennial perennial exist. D perennial >2 years.
Q3: Summer annual vs winter annual herbicide timing?
A. Summer annual preemergence in spring before germination or early post when small, winter annual fall preemergence or early spring post
before bolting
B. Only summer spray winter annuals
C. Any time same
D. Only winter spray summer annuals
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
A. Summer annual preemergence in spring before germination or early post when small, winter annual fall preemergence or early spring
post before bolting
Rationale: CORRECT: Summer annuals germinate spring soil temp threshold - apply preemergence spring before germination or early post 2-4 leaf
small. Winter annuals germinate fall - apply fall pre or early spring post rosette before bolting - must control before seed set. WHY WRONG: B timing
differs germination timing. C winter annual fall timing better summer too late. D summer annual spring timing.
Page 1 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
,Q4: Perennial weed control why harder?
A. Only seeds reproduce
B. Perennial reproduces vegetative rhizomes stolons tubers extensive root system plus seeds - need systemic herbicide translocated to roots
fall timing best - repeated applications
C. No root system
D. Easy one spray kills
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
B. Perennial reproduces vegetative rhizomes stolons tubers extensive root system plus seeds - need systemic herbicide translocated to
roots fall timing best - repeated applications
Rationale: CORRECT: Perennial hard - vegetative reproduction rhizomes stolons tubers e.g., field bindweed Canada thistle johnsongrass -
extensive root reserves - systemic herbicide glyphosate clopyralid etc translocated to roots fall timing when nutrients moving to roots best - need
repeat. WHY WRONG: B not easy one spray - reserves regrow. C vegetative plus seeds. D extensive root system reason hard.
Q5: Herbicide selectivity - selective vs non-selective?
A. Non-selective kills only one
B. Selective kills all
C. Same
D. Selective kills some plants not others e.g., 2,4-D broadleaf in grass crops - non-selective kills all vegetation e.g., glyphosate non-selective
but selective with Roundup Ready crops
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Selective kills some plants not others e.g., 2,4-D broadleaf in grass crops - non-selective kills all vegetation e.g., glyphosate
non-selective but selective with Roundup Ready crops
Rationale: CORRECT: Selective kills target weeds not crop e.g., 2,4-D broadleaf in wheat grass selective broadleaf vs grass. Non-selective kills all
contacted e.g., glyphosate paraquat non-selective - but selective use in tolerant crops Roundup Ready GMO. WHY WRONG: B different. C selective
spares crop. D non-selective kills all.
Q6: Herbicide mode of action groups important for resistance?
A. Resistance not related to mode
B. Only one mode
C. No groups
D. Group by mechanism e.g., Group 2 ALS inhibitors, Group 5 Photosystem II, Group 9 EPSP synthase glyphosate, Group 4 auxin mimics
2,4-D - rotate groups to prevent resistance
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Group by mechanism e.g., Group 2 ALS inhibitors, Group 5 Photosystem II, Group 9 EPSP synthase glyphosate, Group 4 auxin mimics
2,4-D - rotate groups to prevent resistance
Rationale: CORRECT: HRAC/WSSA groups mode of action: 1 ACCase, 2 ALS, 3 microtubule, 4 auxin, 5 PSII, 9 EPSP glyphosate, 10 glutamine
synthetase glufosinate, 14 PPO, 15 long-chain fatty acid. Rotate groups to prevent resistant weeds. Nevada has resistant kochia Russian thistle.
WHY WRONG: B groups exist critical. C many modes. D resistance related repeated same MOA selects resistant biotypes.
Q7: Contact vs systemic herbicide difference?
A. Systemic only contact
B. Same
C. Contact systemic
D. Contact kills only contacted tissue requires thorough coverage e.g., paraquat, systemic translocated throughout plant via xylem phloem
e.g., glyphosate 2,4-D - better for perennials
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Contact kills only contacted tissue requires thorough coverage e.g., paraquat, systemic translocated throughout plant via xylem
phloem e.g., glyphosate 2,4-D - better for perennials
Rationale: CORRECT: Contact only kills contacted tissue need thorough coverage e.g., paraquat bromoxynil. Systemic absorbed translocated
xylem (up) phloem (down) throughout plant to roots e.g., glyphosate systemic best for perennials translocates to rhizomes. WHY WRONG: B
different coverage needs and perennial control. C systemic not only contact.
Page 2 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
,Q8: Preemergence vs postemergence herbicide?
A. Preemergence applied before weed emergence soil applied needs moisture activation, postemergence applied after weed emergence
foliar absorbed
B. Same timing
C. Pre after emergence
D. Post before emergence
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
A. Preemergence applied before weed emergence soil applied needs moisture activation, postemergence applied after weed emergence
foliar absorbed
Rationale: CORRECT: Preemergence before weed emergence soil active needs rain irrigation incorporation activation - e.g., trifluralin
pendimethalin. Postemergence after emergence foliar active needs good coverage and adjuvant. Some have both activities. WHY WRONG: B
different timing. C/D reversed.
Q9: Soil incorporated herbicide need?
A. No incorporation ever
B. All herbicides need incorporation
C. Some preemergence herbicides require mechanical incorporation into soil 2-4 inches to prevent volatilization photodegradation e.g.,
trifluralin EPTC
D. Only post need incorporation
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
C. Some preemergence herbicides require mechanical incorporation into soil 2-4 inches to prevent volatilization photodegradation e.g.,
trifluralin EPTC
Rationale: CORRECT: Some herbicides volatile or photodegradable require incorporation: trifluralin, EPTC, etc - incorporate 2-4 inches within time
per label. Others do not require - rely rain. WHY WRONG: B some require incorporation label specifies. C not all only some volatile. D pre not post
needs incorporation.
Q10: Adjuvant for postemergence herbicide - NIS vs COC vs MSO?
A. No adjuvant needed ever
B. Only NIS always
C. NIS Non-ionic surfactant 0.25% v/v improves spreading for many herbicides, COC Crop Oil Concentrate 1% v/v for some, MSO Methylated
Seed Oil better penetration for hard to control weeds per label
D. Only water
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
C. NIS Non-ionic surfactant 0.25% v/v improves spreading for many herbicides, COC Crop Oil Concentrate 1% v/v for some, MSO
Methylated Seed Oil better penetration for hard to control weeds per label
Rationale: CORRECT: Adjuvant improves postemergence: NIS 0.25% v/v 1 qt per 100 gal spreads, COC 1% v/v 1 gal per 100 gal oil helps
penetration, MSO methylated seed oil better penetration waxy leaves. Use only per label - some herbicides already contain adjuvant. WHY
WRONG: B many post require adjuvant per label. C water not adjuvant - adjuvant needed. D not always NIS - label specifies COC or MSO for some.
Q11: Spray water pH for herbicide - weak acid herbicides?
A. Alkaline pH 9 best for weak acid
B. Weak acid herbicides glyphosate 2,4-D dicamba more effective slightly acidic pH 5.5-6.5 - alkaline hydrolysis reduces efficacy - use AMS
ammonium sulfate helps hard water
C. pH no effect
D. Only acidic bad
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
B. Weak acid herbicides glyphosate 2,4-D dicamba more effective slightly acidic pH 5.5-6.5 - alkaline hydrolysis reduces efficacy - use
AMS ammonium sulfate helps hard water
Rationale: CORRECT: Weak acid herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba more effective at acidic pH 5.5-6.5 - alkaline pH causes reduced
absorption and alkaline hydrolysis. Hard water cations Ca Mg Fe antagonize glyphosate - AMS ammonium sulfate 8.5-17 lb per 100 gal overcomes
hard water. WHY WRONG: B alkaline worst for weak acid. C pH affects efficacy. D acidic good for weak acid.
Page 3 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
, Q12: Hard water antagonism - AMS use?
A. No antagonism
B. Hard water Ca Mg Fe cations antagonize glyphosate reduces efficacy - AMS ammonium sulfate 8.5-17 lbs per 100 gal overcomes
antagonism - also helps some other herbicides
C. AMS makes worse
D. Only soft water problem
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
B. Hard water Ca Mg Fe cations antagonize glyphosate reduces efficacy - AMS ammonium sulfate 8.5-17 lbs per 100 gal overcomes
antagonism - also helps some other herbicides
Rationale: CORRECT: Hard water >150 ppm Ca+Mg antagonizes glyphosate - Ca Mg Fe bind glyphosate reduces absorption. AMS ammonium
sulfate provides NH4+ that binds cations and sulfate, improves uptake. Rate 8.5-17 lb per 100 gal per label. WHY WRONG: B antagonism exists
documented. C hard water problem not soft. D AMS improves not worse.
Q13: Weed identification - kochia vs Russian thistle in Nevada?
A. Russian thistle perennial
B. Kochia perennial
C. Kochia Kochia scoparia low bushy hairy leaves turns red fall, Russian thistle Salsola tragus tumbleweed spiny leaves - both summer
annuals Chenopodiaceae resistant to ALS and glyphosate some biotypes
D. Same plant
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
C. Kochia Kochia scoparia low bushy hairy leaves turns red fall, Russian thistle Salsola tragus tumbleweed spiny leaves - both summer
annuals Chenopodiaceae resistant to ALS and glyphosate some biotypes
Rationale: CORRECT: Kochia vs Russian thistle both summer annual Chenopodiaceae problem Nevada - kochia bushy lower hairy red fall,
Russian thistle tumbleweed spiny - both have ALS and some glyphosate resistant biotypes in Nevada - rotation of MOA critical. WHY WRONG: B
different species. C/D both summer annual not perennial.
Q14: Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis control?
A. One tillage kills
B. No control needed
C. Only preemergence works
D. Perennial extensive rhizomes deep roots - systemic herbicide fall timing when translocating to roots - glyphosate + dicamba, or picloram,
repeated - difficult
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Perennial extensive rhizomes deep roots - systemic herbicide fall timing when translocating to roots - glyphosate + dicamba, or
picloram, repeated - difficult
Rationale: CORRECT: Field bindweed perennial deep rhizomes extensive - one tillage spreads fragments - need systemic herbicide fall when
sugars moving to roots - glyphosate + dicamba tank mix, or picloram, clopyralid - repeat 2-3 years - integrated tillage + herbicide. WHY WRONG: B
tillage spreads. C post systemic needed not pre. D major ag weed Nevada.
Q15: Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum winter annual control in rangeland Nevada?
A. Only mowing
B. Summer spray best
C. No control
D. Winter annual grass - preemergence imazapic Plateau in fall before germination - early post glyphosate very early - preserve perennials
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Winter annual grass - preemergence imazapic Plateau in fall before germination - early post glyphosate very early - preserve perennials
Rationale: CORRECT: Cheatgrass winter annual invasive Nevada rangeland - competes - control fall preemergence imazapic imazapic 4-6 oz
Plateau before germination, or early spring very early post glyphosate 12-16 oz before native perennials green up - selective timing critical. WHY
WRONG: B summer too late seed set. C control needed fuels wildfire. D mowing spreads seeds if late.
Page 4 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
Solutions Latest Update This Year
Q1: Nevada Category B2 Weeds definition agricultural ground?
A. Only insect control
B. Only aerial weeds
C. Only disease control
D. Control of weeds in agricultural crops including field crops pastures rangeland alfalfa using ground equipment herbicides - weed
identification and herbicide mode of action
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Control of weeds in agricultural crops including field crops pastures rangeland alfalfa using ground equipment herbicides - weed
identification and herbicide mode of action
Rationale: CORRECT: B2 Weeds agricultural ground weed control in field crops pastures rangeland alfalfa - ground equipment - requires weed ID
annual biennial perennial, herbicide mode of action, selective vs non-selective. WHY WRONG: B insect Category B1 insects? Actually B1 general
ag ground B2 weeds specialized. C disease different. D ground not aerial B2 aerial would be separate.
Q2: Weed life cycles - annual vs biennial vs perennial difference for herbicide timing?
A. Annual completes life in 1 year summer or winter annual - biennial 2 years rosette first year flower second - perennial lives >2 years
reproduces seeds and vegetative rhizomes stolons
B. All same 1 year
C. Only annual exists
D. Perennial 1 year
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
A. Annual completes life in 1 year summer or winter annual - biennial 2 years rosette first year flower second - perennial lives >2 years
reproduces seeds and vegetative rhizomes stolons
Rationale: CORRECT: Annual summer annual germinates spring summer e.g., pigweed crabgrass, winter annual fall germinates e.g., cheatgrass
mustards. Biennial 2 years e.g., musk thistle rosette year1 bolt year2. Perennial >2 years e.g., field bindweed Canada thistle bermudagrass
reproduces seeds vegetative rhizomes stolons harder to control. Timing critical pre vs post. WHY WRONG: B different life cycles control differs. C
biennial perennial exist. D perennial >2 years.
Q3: Summer annual vs winter annual herbicide timing?
A. Summer annual preemergence in spring before germination or early post when small, winter annual fall preemergence or early spring post
before bolting
B. Only summer spray winter annuals
C. Any time same
D. Only winter spray summer annuals
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
A. Summer annual preemergence in spring before germination or early post when small, winter annual fall preemergence or early spring
post before bolting
Rationale: CORRECT: Summer annuals germinate spring soil temp threshold - apply preemergence spring before germination or early post 2-4 leaf
small. Winter annuals germinate fall - apply fall pre or early spring post rosette before bolting - must control before seed set. WHY WRONG: B timing
differs germination timing. C winter annual fall timing better summer too late. D summer annual spring timing.
Page 1 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
,Q4: Perennial weed control why harder?
A. Only seeds reproduce
B. Perennial reproduces vegetative rhizomes stolons tubers extensive root system plus seeds - need systemic herbicide translocated to roots
fall timing best - repeated applications
C. No root system
D. Easy one spray kills
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
B. Perennial reproduces vegetative rhizomes stolons tubers extensive root system plus seeds - need systemic herbicide translocated to
roots fall timing best - repeated applications
Rationale: CORRECT: Perennial hard - vegetative reproduction rhizomes stolons tubers e.g., field bindweed Canada thistle johnsongrass -
extensive root reserves - systemic herbicide glyphosate clopyralid etc translocated to roots fall timing when nutrients moving to roots best - need
repeat. WHY WRONG: B not easy one spray - reserves regrow. C vegetative plus seeds. D extensive root system reason hard.
Q5: Herbicide selectivity - selective vs non-selective?
A. Non-selective kills only one
B. Selective kills all
C. Same
D. Selective kills some plants not others e.g., 2,4-D broadleaf in grass crops - non-selective kills all vegetation e.g., glyphosate non-selective
but selective with Roundup Ready crops
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Selective kills some plants not others e.g., 2,4-D broadleaf in grass crops - non-selective kills all vegetation e.g., glyphosate
non-selective but selective with Roundup Ready crops
Rationale: CORRECT: Selective kills target weeds not crop e.g., 2,4-D broadleaf in wheat grass selective broadleaf vs grass. Non-selective kills all
contacted e.g., glyphosate paraquat non-selective - but selective use in tolerant crops Roundup Ready GMO. WHY WRONG: B different. C selective
spares crop. D non-selective kills all.
Q6: Herbicide mode of action groups important for resistance?
A. Resistance not related to mode
B. Only one mode
C. No groups
D. Group by mechanism e.g., Group 2 ALS inhibitors, Group 5 Photosystem II, Group 9 EPSP synthase glyphosate, Group 4 auxin mimics
2,4-D - rotate groups to prevent resistance
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Group by mechanism e.g., Group 2 ALS inhibitors, Group 5 Photosystem II, Group 9 EPSP synthase glyphosate, Group 4 auxin mimics
2,4-D - rotate groups to prevent resistance
Rationale: CORRECT: HRAC/WSSA groups mode of action: 1 ACCase, 2 ALS, 3 microtubule, 4 auxin, 5 PSII, 9 EPSP glyphosate, 10 glutamine
synthetase glufosinate, 14 PPO, 15 long-chain fatty acid. Rotate groups to prevent resistant weeds. Nevada has resistant kochia Russian thistle.
WHY WRONG: B groups exist critical. C many modes. D resistance related repeated same MOA selects resistant biotypes.
Q7: Contact vs systemic herbicide difference?
A. Systemic only contact
B. Same
C. Contact systemic
D. Contact kills only contacted tissue requires thorough coverage e.g., paraquat, systemic translocated throughout plant via xylem phloem
e.g., glyphosate 2,4-D - better for perennials
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Contact kills only contacted tissue requires thorough coverage e.g., paraquat, systemic translocated throughout plant via xylem
phloem e.g., glyphosate 2,4-D - better for perennials
Rationale: CORRECT: Contact only kills contacted tissue need thorough coverage e.g., paraquat bromoxynil. Systemic absorbed translocated
xylem (up) phloem (down) throughout plant to roots e.g., glyphosate systemic best for perennials translocates to rhizomes. WHY WRONG: B
different coverage needs and perennial control. C systemic not only contact.
Page 2 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
,Q8: Preemergence vs postemergence herbicide?
A. Preemergence applied before weed emergence soil applied needs moisture activation, postemergence applied after weed emergence
foliar absorbed
B. Same timing
C. Pre after emergence
D. Post before emergence
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
A. Preemergence applied before weed emergence soil applied needs moisture activation, postemergence applied after weed emergence
foliar absorbed
Rationale: CORRECT: Preemergence before weed emergence soil active needs rain irrigation incorporation activation - e.g., trifluralin
pendimethalin. Postemergence after emergence foliar active needs good coverage and adjuvant. Some have both activities. WHY WRONG: B
different timing. C/D reversed.
Q9: Soil incorporated herbicide need?
A. No incorporation ever
B. All herbicides need incorporation
C. Some preemergence herbicides require mechanical incorporation into soil 2-4 inches to prevent volatilization photodegradation e.g.,
trifluralin EPTC
D. Only post need incorporation
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
C. Some preemergence herbicides require mechanical incorporation into soil 2-4 inches to prevent volatilization photodegradation e.g.,
trifluralin EPTC
Rationale: CORRECT: Some herbicides volatile or photodegradable require incorporation: trifluralin, EPTC, etc - incorporate 2-4 inches within time
per label. Others do not require - rely rain. WHY WRONG: B some require incorporation label specifies. C not all only some volatile. D pre not post
needs incorporation.
Q10: Adjuvant for postemergence herbicide - NIS vs COC vs MSO?
A. No adjuvant needed ever
B. Only NIS always
C. NIS Non-ionic surfactant 0.25% v/v improves spreading for many herbicides, COC Crop Oil Concentrate 1% v/v for some, MSO Methylated
Seed Oil better penetration for hard to control weeds per label
D. Only water
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
C. NIS Non-ionic surfactant 0.25% v/v improves spreading for many herbicides, COC Crop Oil Concentrate 1% v/v for some, MSO
Methylated Seed Oil better penetration for hard to control weeds per label
Rationale: CORRECT: Adjuvant improves postemergence: NIS 0.25% v/v 1 qt per 100 gal spreads, COC 1% v/v 1 gal per 100 gal oil helps
penetration, MSO methylated seed oil better penetration waxy leaves. Use only per label - some herbicides already contain adjuvant. WHY
WRONG: B many post require adjuvant per label. C water not adjuvant - adjuvant needed. D not always NIS - label specifies COC or MSO for some.
Q11: Spray water pH for herbicide - weak acid herbicides?
A. Alkaline pH 9 best for weak acid
B. Weak acid herbicides glyphosate 2,4-D dicamba more effective slightly acidic pH 5.5-6.5 - alkaline hydrolysis reduces efficacy - use AMS
ammonium sulfate helps hard water
C. pH no effect
D. Only acidic bad
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
B. Weak acid herbicides glyphosate 2,4-D dicamba more effective slightly acidic pH 5.5-6.5 - alkaline hydrolysis reduces efficacy - use
AMS ammonium sulfate helps hard water
Rationale: CORRECT: Weak acid herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba more effective at acidic pH 5.5-6.5 - alkaline pH causes reduced
absorption and alkaline hydrolysis. Hard water cations Ca Mg Fe antagonize glyphosate - AMS ammonium sulfate 8.5-17 lb per 100 gal overcomes
hard water. WHY WRONG: B alkaline worst for weak acid. C pH affects efficacy. D acidic good for weak acid.
Page 3 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
, Q12: Hard water antagonism - AMS use?
A. No antagonism
B. Hard water Ca Mg Fe cations antagonize glyphosate reduces efficacy - AMS ammonium sulfate 8.5-17 lbs per 100 gal overcomes
antagonism - also helps some other herbicides
C. AMS makes worse
D. Only soft water problem
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
B. Hard water Ca Mg Fe cations antagonize glyphosate reduces efficacy - AMS ammonium sulfate 8.5-17 lbs per 100 gal overcomes
antagonism - also helps some other herbicides
Rationale: CORRECT: Hard water >150 ppm Ca+Mg antagonizes glyphosate - Ca Mg Fe bind glyphosate reduces absorption. AMS ammonium
sulfate provides NH4+ that binds cations and sulfate, improves uptake. Rate 8.5-17 lb per 100 gal per label. WHY WRONG: B antagonism exists
documented. C hard water problem not soft. D AMS improves not worse.
Q13: Weed identification - kochia vs Russian thistle in Nevada?
A. Russian thistle perennial
B. Kochia perennial
C. Kochia Kochia scoparia low bushy hairy leaves turns red fall, Russian thistle Salsola tragus tumbleweed spiny leaves - both summer
annuals Chenopodiaceae resistant to ALS and glyphosate some biotypes
D. Same plant
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
C. Kochia Kochia scoparia low bushy hairy leaves turns red fall, Russian thistle Salsola tragus tumbleweed spiny leaves - both summer
annuals Chenopodiaceae resistant to ALS and glyphosate some biotypes
Rationale: CORRECT: Kochia vs Russian thistle both summer annual Chenopodiaceae problem Nevada - kochia bushy lower hairy red fall,
Russian thistle tumbleweed spiny - both have ALS and some glyphosate resistant biotypes in Nevada - rotation of MOA critical. WHY WRONG: B
different species. C/D both summer annual not perennial.
Q14: Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis control?
A. One tillage kills
B. No control needed
C. Only preemergence works
D. Perennial extensive rhizomes deep roots - systemic herbicide fall timing when translocating to roots - glyphosate + dicamba, or picloram,
repeated - difficult
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Perennial extensive rhizomes deep roots - systemic herbicide fall timing when translocating to roots - glyphosate + dicamba, or
picloram, repeated - difficult
Rationale: CORRECT: Field bindweed perennial deep rhizomes extensive - one tillage spreads fragments - need systemic herbicide fall when
sugars moving to roots - glyphosate + dicamba tank mix, or picloram, clopyralid - repeat 2-3 years - integrated tillage + herbicide. WHY WRONG: B
tillage spreads. C post systemic needed not pre. D major ag weed Nevada.
Q15: Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum winter annual control in rangeland Nevada?
A. Only mowing
B. Summer spray best
C. No control
D. Winter annual grass - preemergence imazapic Plateau in fall before germination - early post glyphosate very early - preserve perennials
Answer & Excellent Rationale:
D. Winter annual grass - preemergence imazapic Plateau in fall before germination - early post glyphosate very early - preserve perennials
Rationale: CORRECT: Cheatgrass winter annual invasive Nevada rangeland - competes - control fall preemergence imazapic imazapic 4-6 oz
Plateau before germination, or early spring very early post glyphosate 12-16 oz before native perennials green up - selective timing critical. WHY
WRONG: B summer too late seed set. C control needed fuels wildfire. D mowing spreads seeds if late.
Page 4 | NV AG GROUND B2 WEEDS - 200Q - PERFECT
