ANATOMY MCGRAW HILL Questions and Answers Verified
Solutions Latest Update
Question: Action potential
Answer:
A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
Question: Five major sensory receptors
Answer:
Mechanoreceptors (touch or sound), Thermoreceptors (raise or lowers body temperature due to
stimulus), Photoreceptors (rods & cones optic nerve), Chemoreceptors (respiration, cardiac, & blood
flow), and Nociceptors (pain).
Question: Covalent vs ionic vs. hydrogen.
Answer:
C: shares e
Polar C: unequally shared like water.
Nonpolar C: equally shared & no unequal charge.
I: attraction of opposite charges (NaCl) give and take e-
H: electrical attraction to polar molecules.
Question: Free radicals
Answer:
An uncharged molecule with an unpaired (odd number of) valence electron
Question: Acids do what in solution vs. base
Answer:
Acids: molecule releases protons (hydrogen ions) in solution. Bases: molecule accepts a proton.
Question: Facilitated diffusion
Answer:
Passive move guided by another molecule and no energy. Polar/charged molecules need it.
Question: Types of endocytosis?
Answer:
Exocytosis transports substances out. Endocytosis brings into the cell. Types: Phagocytosis: cell eating,
Pinocytosis: cell drinking, and receptor-mediated.
, Question: Somatic vs autonomic
Answer:
Somatic -voluntary
Autonomic -involuntary
Sympathetic (fight or flight)/parasympathetic (rest and digest)
Question: Law
Answer:
The current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance V=IR
Question: Spatial summation
Answer:
Temporal: one presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters to fire an action potential. Spatial
summation: multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters together to fire an action potential
in the postsynaptic neuron.
Question: Axo-axonic synapse
Answer:
Synapse between 2 nerve cells, impulse travels from one axon to the other axon, rather than between
axon and dendrite (axodendritic synapse) or axon and cell body (axosomatic synapse).
Question: Autoreceptor vs heteroreceptor
Answer:
Hetero: receptor regulating a release of mediators other than its own ligand.
Auto: receptor situated in the terminal (of a presynaptic nerve cell) sensitive to neurotransmitters
released by the neuron in whose membrane the autoreceptor sits.
Question: Neurotransmitters vs neuromodulators
Answer:
NTinfluence ion channels that affect excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic in milliseconds. NMare
a little slower. May change the presynaptic cell's synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolic processes
of a transmitter. NT involves rapid communication vs. NM involves slower events like learning,
development, and motivational states.
Question: This is an example of __________.
Answer:
Negative Feedbackmaintaining homeostasis
Question: This is an example of __________.
Answer:
Positive Feedbackdoesn't maintain homeostasis. Not common in nature
Solutions Latest Update
Question: Action potential
Answer:
A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
Question: Five major sensory receptors
Answer:
Mechanoreceptors (touch or sound), Thermoreceptors (raise or lowers body temperature due to
stimulus), Photoreceptors (rods & cones optic nerve), Chemoreceptors (respiration, cardiac, & blood
flow), and Nociceptors (pain).
Question: Covalent vs ionic vs. hydrogen.
Answer:
C: shares e
Polar C: unequally shared like water.
Nonpolar C: equally shared & no unequal charge.
I: attraction of opposite charges (NaCl) give and take e-
H: electrical attraction to polar molecules.
Question: Free radicals
Answer:
An uncharged molecule with an unpaired (odd number of) valence electron
Question: Acids do what in solution vs. base
Answer:
Acids: molecule releases protons (hydrogen ions) in solution. Bases: molecule accepts a proton.
Question: Facilitated diffusion
Answer:
Passive move guided by another molecule and no energy. Polar/charged molecules need it.
Question: Types of endocytosis?
Answer:
Exocytosis transports substances out. Endocytosis brings into the cell. Types: Phagocytosis: cell eating,
Pinocytosis: cell drinking, and receptor-mediated.
, Question: Somatic vs autonomic
Answer:
Somatic -voluntary
Autonomic -involuntary
Sympathetic (fight or flight)/parasympathetic (rest and digest)
Question: Law
Answer:
The current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance V=IR
Question: Spatial summation
Answer:
Temporal: one presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters to fire an action potential. Spatial
summation: multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters together to fire an action potential
in the postsynaptic neuron.
Question: Axo-axonic synapse
Answer:
Synapse between 2 nerve cells, impulse travels from one axon to the other axon, rather than between
axon and dendrite (axodendritic synapse) or axon and cell body (axosomatic synapse).
Question: Autoreceptor vs heteroreceptor
Answer:
Hetero: receptor regulating a release of mediators other than its own ligand.
Auto: receptor situated in the terminal (of a presynaptic nerve cell) sensitive to neurotransmitters
released by the neuron in whose membrane the autoreceptor sits.
Question: Neurotransmitters vs neuromodulators
Answer:
NTinfluence ion channels that affect excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic in milliseconds. NMare
a little slower. May change the presynaptic cell's synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolic processes
of a transmitter. NT involves rapid communication vs. NM involves slower events like learning,
development, and motivational states.
Question: This is an example of __________.
Answer:
Negative Feedbackmaintaining homeostasis
Question: This is an example of __________.
Answer:
Positive Feedbackdoesn't maintain homeostasis. Not common in nature
