,NR 228 Nutrition, Health & Wellness Exam Prep —
Comprehensive Review + Practice MCQs —
Chamberlain College of Nursing 2025/2026
1. A nurse is teaching a community health class about primary prevention of chronic disease through nutrition.
Which statement by a participant indicates correct understanding?
A. “I should focus on screening for diabetes so I can catch it early.”
B. “I can reduce my risk by eating a plant-based diet high in fiber and low in saturated fat.”
C. “Once I develop heart disease, I will need to change my diet to manage it.”
D. “Nutrition only matters if I already have a chronic condition.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs. A plant-based, high-fiber, low-
saturated-fat diet is a primary prevention strategy that reduces chronic disease risk. Screening (A) is secondary
prevention, and diet changes after diagnosis (C) are tertiary prevention.
2. A nurse is assessing a patient’s health literacy. Which question best evaluates the patient’s ability to apply
nutrition information?
A. “Can you read the food label for me?”
B. “How many years of school did you complete?”
C. “If I told you to reduce sodium, how would you do that?”
D. “Do you understand what I just said?”
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health literacy is the ability to acquire, comprehend, and apply health information. Asking the
patient to demonstrate application (how they would reduce sodium) directly assesses functional health
literacy, not just reading ability or education level.
3. A patient states, “I know I should eat better, but I don’t think I can change my habits.” According to self-
efficacy theory, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Tell the patient they must change for their health.
B. Help the patient set one small, achievable nutrition goal.
C. Refer the patient to a dietitian for meal planning.
D. Provide a detailed list of foods to avoid.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low self-efficacy is addressed by building mastery through small, achievable goals. This creates
success experiences that gradually increase confidence. A detailed list (D) may overwhelm a patient with low
self-efficacy.
4. A nurse is explaining the concept of locus of control to a patient struggling with dietary changes. Which
patient statement suggests an internal locus of control?
A. “My family keeps tempting me with junk food.”
B. “My genetics make it impossible for me to lose weight.”
C. “I decide what goes on my plate, and I can choose healthier options.”
D. “The grocery store near me doesn’t sell healthy food.”
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internal locus of control is the belief that one’s own actions determine outcomes. The patient who
states they decide what to eat demonstrates internal locus of control. External locus attributes outcomes to
outside forces (A, B, D).
5. A nurse is calculating the kilocalories in a meal containing 45 g carbohydrate, 20 g protein, and 10 g fat.
What is the total kilocalorie content?
A. 300 kcal
B. 340 kcal
C. 350 kcal
D. 380 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrate: 45 × 4 = 180 kcal. Protein: 20 × 4 = 80 kcal. Fat: 10 × 9 = 90 kcal. Total: 180 + 80 + 90 =
350 kcal.
6. A patient asks about the difference between undernutrition and malnutrition. Which response by the nurse
is most accurate?
A. “Undernutrition means you eat too much, and malnutrition means you eat too little.”
B. “Malnutrition includes both undernutrition and overnutrition.”
C. “They are the same thing.”
D. “Undernutrition only refers to protein deficiency.”
Comprehensive Review + Practice MCQs —
Chamberlain College of Nursing 2025/2026
1. A nurse is teaching a community health class about primary prevention of chronic disease through nutrition.
Which statement by a participant indicates correct understanding?
A. “I should focus on screening for diabetes so I can catch it early.”
B. “I can reduce my risk by eating a plant-based diet high in fiber and low in saturated fat.”
C. “Once I develop heart disease, I will need to change my diet to manage it.”
D. “Nutrition only matters if I already have a chronic condition.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs. A plant-based, high-fiber, low-
saturated-fat diet is a primary prevention strategy that reduces chronic disease risk. Screening (A) is secondary
prevention, and diet changes after diagnosis (C) are tertiary prevention.
2. A nurse is assessing a patient’s health literacy. Which question best evaluates the patient’s ability to apply
nutrition information?
A. “Can you read the food label for me?”
B. “How many years of school did you complete?”
C. “If I told you to reduce sodium, how would you do that?”
D. “Do you understand what I just said?”
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health literacy is the ability to acquire, comprehend, and apply health information. Asking the
patient to demonstrate application (how they would reduce sodium) directly assesses functional health
literacy, not just reading ability or education level.
3. A patient states, “I know I should eat better, but I don’t think I can change my habits.” According to self-
efficacy theory, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Tell the patient they must change for their health.
B. Help the patient set one small, achievable nutrition goal.
C. Refer the patient to a dietitian for meal planning.
D. Provide a detailed list of foods to avoid.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low self-efficacy is addressed by building mastery through small, achievable goals. This creates
success experiences that gradually increase confidence. A detailed list (D) may overwhelm a patient with low
self-efficacy.
4. A nurse is explaining the concept of locus of control to a patient struggling with dietary changes. Which
patient statement suggests an internal locus of control?
A. “My family keeps tempting me with junk food.”
B. “My genetics make it impossible for me to lose weight.”
C. “I decide what goes on my plate, and I can choose healthier options.”
D. “The grocery store near me doesn’t sell healthy food.”
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internal locus of control is the belief that one’s own actions determine outcomes. The patient who
states they decide what to eat demonstrates internal locus of control. External locus attributes outcomes to
outside forces (A, B, D).
5. A nurse is calculating the kilocalories in a meal containing 45 g carbohydrate, 20 g protein, and 10 g fat.
What is the total kilocalorie content?
A. 300 kcal
B. 340 kcal
C. 350 kcal
D. 380 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrate: 45 × 4 = 180 kcal. Protein: 20 × 4 = 80 kcal. Fat: 10 × 9 = 90 kcal. Total: 180 + 80 + 90 =
350 kcal.
6. A patient asks about the difference between undernutrition and malnutrition. Which response by the nurse
is most accurate?
A. “Undernutrition means you eat too much, and malnutrition means you eat too little.”
B. “Malnutrition includes both undernutrition and overnutrition.”
C. “They are the same thing.”
D. “Undernutrition only refers to protein deficiency.”
