FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER
PHARMACOLOGY & BOARD REVIEW |
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS,
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE, EXAM
PREP & REVIEW MATERIALS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,What is first-pass metabolism? The process that lowers the bioavailability of
some oral drugs due to metabolism in the liver
before reaching systemic circulation.
How are drugs primarily excreted Primarily through the kidneys, but also via
from the body? bile/feces, lungs, sweat, and breast milk.
What is the role of cytochrome A family of enzymes that oxidize and metabolize
P450 enzymes? many drugs, influencing drug concentrations
and toxicity.
What does pharmacodynamics What a drug does to the body, including
study? receptor binding, dose-response, therapeutic
effects, and adverse effects.
What is pharmacogenomics? How inherited genetic variation affects drug
response, metabolism, efficacy, or toxicity.
What is potency in pharmacology? The amount of drug needed to produce a given
effect; greater potency does not mean greater
maximal efficacy.
What is the therapeutic index? The ratio between toxic and effective doses; a
narrow therapeutic index indicates a higher risk
of toxicity.
,What are aerobic bacteria? Bacteria that require or tolerate oxygen, such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
What are anaerobic bacteria? Bacteria that grow without oxygen, such as
Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridioides difficile.
What is the common ending for -cillin.
penicillins?
What is the mechanism of action They bind penicillin-binding proteins and inhibit
for beta-lactams? peptidoglycan cross-linking, causing
bactericidal cell-wall failure.
What is the common ending for Commonly cef- or ceph- at the beginning.
cephalosporins?
What is the first-line treatment for High-dose amoxicillin is preferred; doxycycline
community-acquired pneumonia is another option.
(CAP) without comorbidity?
What condition is treated with IM Syphilis.
benzathine penicillin G?
, What is the mechanism of action They bind the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit
for macrolides? and inhibit protein synthesis; usually
bacteriostatic.
What are common adverse effects Nausea/diarrhea, QT prolongation,
of macrolides? hepatotoxicity, and reversible hearing effects at
high exposure.
What is the mechanism of action Sequential folate blockade: sulfamethoxazole
for TMP-SMX? inhibits dihydropteroate synthase and
trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.
What is a major adverse effect of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal
sulfonamides? necrolysis.
What is the ending for -cycline.
tetracyclines?
What are examples of Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline.
tetracyclines?
What should be done for a Stop the medication immediately and obtain
concerning rash associated with urgent evaluation.
sulfonamides?
PHARMACOLOGY & BOARD REVIEW |
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS,
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE, EXAM
PREP & REVIEW MATERIALS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,What is first-pass metabolism? The process that lowers the bioavailability of
some oral drugs due to metabolism in the liver
before reaching systemic circulation.
How are drugs primarily excreted Primarily through the kidneys, but also via
from the body? bile/feces, lungs, sweat, and breast milk.
What is the role of cytochrome A family of enzymes that oxidize and metabolize
P450 enzymes? many drugs, influencing drug concentrations
and toxicity.
What does pharmacodynamics What a drug does to the body, including
study? receptor binding, dose-response, therapeutic
effects, and adverse effects.
What is pharmacogenomics? How inherited genetic variation affects drug
response, metabolism, efficacy, or toxicity.
What is potency in pharmacology? The amount of drug needed to produce a given
effect; greater potency does not mean greater
maximal efficacy.
What is the therapeutic index? The ratio between toxic and effective doses; a
narrow therapeutic index indicates a higher risk
of toxicity.
,What are aerobic bacteria? Bacteria that require or tolerate oxygen, such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
What are anaerobic bacteria? Bacteria that grow without oxygen, such as
Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridioides difficile.
What is the common ending for -cillin.
penicillins?
What is the mechanism of action They bind penicillin-binding proteins and inhibit
for beta-lactams? peptidoglycan cross-linking, causing
bactericidal cell-wall failure.
What is the common ending for Commonly cef- or ceph- at the beginning.
cephalosporins?
What is the first-line treatment for High-dose amoxicillin is preferred; doxycycline
community-acquired pneumonia is another option.
(CAP) without comorbidity?
What condition is treated with IM Syphilis.
benzathine penicillin G?
, What is the mechanism of action They bind the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit
for macrolides? and inhibit protein synthesis; usually
bacteriostatic.
What are common adverse effects Nausea/diarrhea, QT prolongation,
of macrolides? hepatotoxicity, and reversible hearing effects at
high exposure.
What is the mechanism of action Sequential folate blockade: sulfamethoxazole
for TMP-SMX? inhibits dihydropteroate synthase and
trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.
What is a major adverse effect of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal
sulfonamides? necrolysis.
What is the ending for -cycline.
tetracyclines?
What are examples of Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline.
tetracyclines?
What should be done for a Stop the medication immediately and obtain
concerning rash associated with urgent evaluation.
sulfonamides?
