Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher is studying a family with an inherited disorder caused by
a mutation in a gene that normally encodes a structural protein.
Which cellular function is most directly dependent on the integrity of
the genome?
A. Storage of calcium within the extracellular matrix
B. Transmission of genetic information required for protein synthesis
,C. Degradation of circulating lipids by plasma enzymes
D. Production of antibodies by red blood cells
Correct Answer: B. Transmission of genetic information required for
protein synthesis
Rationale: The genome contains the DNA instructions that direct RNA
synthesis and, ultimately, protein production, making genomic
integrity essential for normal cellular structure and function. A is
incorrect because calcium storage is associated with extracellular
tissues rather than the genome. C is incorrect because circulating lipid
degradation is not the primary role of genomic DNA. D is incorrect
because red blood cells lack nuclei and do not synthesize antibodies.
Question 2
Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating cellular ATP
through oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and are therefore central to cellular metabolism and
energy production. A is responsible mainly for intracellular digestion,
B modifies and packages proteins and lipids, and D houses most of the
cell's genomic DNA. Damage to mitochondria can impair energy-
dependent cellular functions.
, Question 3
A cell internalizes extracellular material into vesicles that
subsequently fuse with an organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes.
Which organelle is responsible for this degradation?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Peroxisome
D. Centrosome
Correct Answer: A. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest material
delivered by endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. B is involved
in protein synthesis, C participates in oxidative reactions including
fatty-acid metabolism, and D organizes microtubules. Lysosomal
degradation is an important component of cellular housekeeping.
Question 4
A patient has a disorder caused by impaired removal of damaged
cellular components. Which process normally helps maintain cellular
quality by delivering damaged organelles and proteins for
degradation?
A. Glycolysis
B. Autophagy
C. Transcription
D. Exocytosis
Correct Answer: B. Autophagy
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher is studying a family with an inherited disorder caused by
a mutation in a gene that normally encodes a structural protein.
Which cellular function is most directly dependent on the integrity of
the genome?
A. Storage of calcium within the extracellular matrix
B. Transmission of genetic information required for protein synthesis
,C. Degradation of circulating lipids by plasma enzymes
D. Production of antibodies by red blood cells
Correct Answer: B. Transmission of genetic information required for
protein synthesis
Rationale: The genome contains the DNA instructions that direct RNA
synthesis and, ultimately, protein production, making genomic
integrity essential for normal cellular structure and function. A is
incorrect because calcium storage is associated with extracellular
tissues rather than the genome. C is incorrect because circulating lipid
degradation is not the primary role of genomic DNA. D is incorrect
because red blood cells lack nuclei and do not synthesize antibodies.
Question 2
Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating cellular ATP
through oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and are therefore central to cellular metabolism and
energy production. A is responsible mainly for intracellular digestion,
B modifies and packages proteins and lipids, and D houses most of the
cell's genomic DNA. Damage to mitochondria can impair energy-
dependent cellular functions.
, Question 3
A cell internalizes extracellular material into vesicles that
subsequently fuse with an organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes.
Which organelle is responsible for this degradation?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Peroxisome
D. Centrosome
Correct Answer: A. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest material
delivered by endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. B is involved
in protein synthesis, C participates in oxidative reactions including
fatty-acid metabolism, and D organizes microtubules. Lysosomal
degradation is an important component of cellular housekeeping.
Question 4
A patient has a disorder caused by impaired removal of damaged
cellular components. Which process normally helps maintain cellular
quality by delivering damaged organelles and proteins for
degradation?
A. Glycolysis
B. Autophagy
C. Transcription
D. Exocytosis
Correct Answer: B. Autophagy
