Chapter 01: Introduction to Healthy Aging
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A man is terminally ill with end-stage prostate cancer. Which is the best
statement about this man’s wellness?
a. Wellness can only be achieved with aggressive medical interventions.
b. Wellness is not a real option for this client because he is terminally ill.
c. Wellness is defined as the absence of disease.
d. Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level
of wellness.
ANS: D
Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of
wellness; a nurse can foster wellness in his or her clients. Wellness is defined
by the individual and is multidimensional. It is not just the absence of
disease. A wellness perspective is based on the belief that every person has
an optimal level of health independent of his or her situation or functional
level. Even in the presence of chronic illness or while dying, a movement
toward wellness is possible if emphasis of care is placed on the promotion of
well-being in a supportive environment.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Health Promotion
and Maintenance
2. In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the
following statements is true?
a. Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviors.
b. The concept of illness prevention was never considered by previous
generations.
c. Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and growth.
d. Wellness is impossible when one’s health is compromised.
ANS: A
Health is a broad term that encompasses attitudes and behaviors; holistically,
health includes wellness, which involves one’s whole being. The concept of
illness prevention was never considered by previous generations; throughout
history, basic self-care requirements have been recognized. Wellness and
self-actualization develop through learning and growth—as basic needs are
met, higher level needs can be satisfied in turn, with ever-deepening richness
to life. Wellness is possible when one’s health is compromised—even with
1|Page
, chronic illness, with multiple disabilities, or in dying, movement toward a
higher level of wellness is possible.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United
States? a. Native Americans
b. African Americans
c. Hispanic Americans
d. Asian and Pacific Island Americans
Chapter 02: Cross-Cultural Caring and Aging
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is a true statement about differing health belief systems?
a. Personalistic or magicoreligious beliefs have been superseded in Western
minds by biomedical principles.
b. In most cultures, older adults are likely to treat themselves using
traditional methods before turning to biomedical professionals.
c. Ayurvedic medicine is another name for traditional Chinese medicine.
d. The belief that health depends on maintaining a balance among opposite
qualities is characteristic of a magicoreligious belief system.
ANS: B
Older adults in most cultures usually have had experience with traditional
methods that have worked as well as expected. After these treatments fail,
older adults turn to the formal health care system. Even in the United States,
it is common for older adults to pray for cures or wonder what they did to
incur an illness as punishment. The Ayurvedic system is a naturalistic health
belief system practiced in India and in some neighboring countries. This
belief is characteristic of a holistic or naturalistic approach.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 16-17 TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Which of the following considerations is most likely to be true when working
with an interpreter?
a. An interpreter is never needed if the nurse speaks the same language as
the patient.
b. When working with interpreters, the nurse can use technical terms or
metaphors.
2|Page
, c. A patient’s young granddaughter who speaks fluent English would make
the best interpreter because she is familiar with and loves the patient.
d. The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter.
ANS: D
The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter is a true
statement; the intent is to converse with the patient, not with a third party
about the patient. Many reasons may prevent the patient from speaking
directly to a nurse. Technical terms and metaphors may be difficult or
impossible to translate. Cultural restrictions may prevent some topics from
being spoken of to a grandparent or child.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 18-19
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
3. An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54
mm Hg and refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse
use to promote and maintain his health?
a. Have the health care provider speak to him.
b. Use principles of the holistic health system.
c. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
d. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine.
ANS: C
Using the LEARN model (listen with sympathy to the patient’s perception of
the problem, explain your perception of the problem, acknowledge the
differences and similarities, recommend treatment, and negotiate
agreement), the nurse gathers information from the patient about cultural
beliefs concerning health care and avoids stereotyping the patient. In the
assessment, the nurse determines what the patient believes about caregiving,
decision making, treatment, and other pertinent health-related information.
Speaking with the health care provider is premature until the assessment is
complete. Unless he accepts the beliefs, principles of the holistic health
system can be potentially unsuitable and insulting for this patient. Unless he
accepts the treatments, consulting with a practitioner of Chinese medicine
can also be unsuitable and insulting for this patient.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?
a. Speak in an exaggerated pitch.
b. Use a lower quality of speech.
3|Page
, c. Use endearing terms such as “honey.”
d. Speak clearly.
ANS: D
Some health professionals demonstrate ageism, in part because providers
tend to see many frail, older persons and fewer of those who are healthy and
active. Providers should not assume that all older adults are hearing or
mentally impaired. The most appropriate action when addressing an older
adult would be to speak clearly. Examples of unintentional ageism in
language are an exaggerated pitch, a demeaning emotional tone, and a lower
quality of speech.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 15
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. The nurse prepares an older woman, who is Polish, for discharge through an
interpreter and notes that she becomes tense during the instructions about
elimination. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
a. Move on to the discussion about medication.
b. Ask the older woman how she feels about this topic.
c. Instruct the interpreter to repeat the instructions.
d. Have the older woman repeat the instructions for clarity.
ANS: B
When working with an interpreter, the nurse closely watches the older adult
for nonverbal communication and emotion regarding a specific topic and
therefore validates the assessment about the older adult’s tension before
proceeding. Because the nurse notices her tension, the nurse temporarily
suspends the preparation to validate her assessment. If the nurse proceeds
and the older adult is uncomfortable discussing elimination, then important
instructions can be missed, leading to adverse effects for the older adult.
Repeating the instructions can aggravate the older adult’s discomfort.
Instructing the older adult to repeat the nurse’s instruction ignores her
needs.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18-19
TOP: Communication and Documentation
MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
6. The nurse plans care for an older African American man who is from
Jamaica and resides in New York City. Which should the nurse include in
planning care? a. Attribute his illness to breaking a voodoo.
b. Help him improve social relationships.
c. Maintain blood pressure below 120/70 mm Hg.
4|Page
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A man is terminally ill with end-stage prostate cancer. Which is the best
statement about this man’s wellness?
a. Wellness can only be achieved with aggressive medical interventions.
b. Wellness is not a real option for this client because he is terminally ill.
c. Wellness is defined as the absence of disease.
d. Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level
of wellness.
ANS: D
Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of
wellness; a nurse can foster wellness in his or her clients. Wellness is defined
by the individual and is multidimensional. It is not just the absence of
disease. A wellness perspective is based on the belief that every person has
an optimal level of health independent of his or her situation or functional
level. Even in the presence of chronic illness or while dying, a movement
toward wellness is possible if emphasis of care is placed on the promotion of
well-being in a supportive environment.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Health Promotion
and Maintenance
2. In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the
following statements is true?
a. Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviors.
b. The concept of illness prevention was never considered by previous
generations.
c. Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and growth.
d. Wellness is impossible when one’s health is compromised.
ANS: A
Health is a broad term that encompasses attitudes and behaviors; holistically,
health includes wellness, which involves one’s whole being. The concept of
illness prevention was never considered by previous generations; throughout
history, basic self-care requirements have been recognized. Wellness and
self-actualization develop through learning and growth—as basic needs are
met, higher level needs can be satisfied in turn, with ever-deepening richness
to life. Wellness is possible when one’s health is compromised—even with
1|Page
, chronic illness, with multiple disabilities, or in dying, movement toward a
higher level of wellness is possible.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United
States? a. Native Americans
b. African Americans
c. Hispanic Americans
d. Asian and Pacific Island Americans
Chapter 02: Cross-Cultural Caring and Aging
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is a true statement about differing health belief systems?
a. Personalistic or magicoreligious beliefs have been superseded in Western
minds by biomedical principles.
b. In most cultures, older adults are likely to treat themselves using
traditional methods before turning to biomedical professionals.
c. Ayurvedic medicine is another name for traditional Chinese medicine.
d. The belief that health depends on maintaining a balance among opposite
qualities is characteristic of a magicoreligious belief system.
ANS: B
Older adults in most cultures usually have had experience with traditional
methods that have worked as well as expected. After these treatments fail,
older adults turn to the formal health care system. Even in the United States,
it is common for older adults to pray for cures or wonder what they did to
incur an illness as punishment. The Ayurvedic system is a naturalistic health
belief system practiced in India and in some neighboring countries. This
belief is characteristic of a holistic or naturalistic approach.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 16-17 TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Which of the following considerations is most likely to be true when working
with an interpreter?
a. An interpreter is never needed if the nurse speaks the same language as
the patient.
b. When working with interpreters, the nurse can use technical terms or
metaphors.
2|Page
, c. A patient’s young granddaughter who speaks fluent English would make
the best interpreter because she is familiar with and loves the patient.
d. The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter.
ANS: D
The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter is a true
statement; the intent is to converse with the patient, not with a third party
about the patient. Many reasons may prevent the patient from speaking
directly to a nurse. Technical terms and metaphors may be difficult or
impossible to translate. Cultural restrictions may prevent some topics from
being spoken of to a grandparent or child.
PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 18-19
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
3. An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54
mm Hg and refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse
use to promote and maintain his health?
a. Have the health care provider speak to him.
b. Use principles of the holistic health system.
c. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
d. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine.
ANS: C
Using the LEARN model (listen with sympathy to the patient’s perception of
the problem, explain your perception of the problem, acknowledge the
differences and similarities, recommend treatment, and negotiate
agreement), the nurse gathers information from the patient about cultural
beliefs concerning health care and avoids stereotyping the patient. In the
assessment, the nurse determines what the patient believes about caregiving,
decision making, treatment, and other pertinent health-related information.
Speaking with the health care provider is premature until the assessment is
complete. Unless he accepts the beliefs, principles of the holistic health
system can be potentially unsuitable and insulting for this patient. Unless he
accepts the treatments, consulting with a practitioner of Chinese medicine
can also be unsuitable and insulting for this patient.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?
a. Speak in an exaggerated pitch.
b. Use a lower quality of speech.
3|Page
, c. Use endearing terms such as “honey.”
d. Speak clearly.
ANS: D
Some health professionals demonstrate ageism, in part because providers
tend to see many frail, older persons and fewer of those who are healthy and
active. Providers should not assume that all older adults are hearing or
mentally impaired. The most appropriate action when addressing an older
adult would be to speak clearly. Examples of unintentional ageism in
language are an exaggerated pitch, a demeaning emotional tone, and a lower
quality of speech.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 15
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. The nurse prepares an older woman, who is Polish, for discharge through an
interpreter and notes that she becomes tense during the instructions about
elimination. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
a. Move on to the discussion about medication.
b. Ask the older woman how she feels about this topic.
c. Instruct the interpreter to repeat the instructions.
d. Have the older woman repeat the instructions for clarity.
ANS: B
When working with an interpreter, the nurse closely watches the older adult
for nonverbal communication and emotion regarding a specific topic and
therefore validates the assessment about the older adult’s tension before
proceeding. Because the nurse notices her tension, the nurse temporarily
suspends the preparation to validate her assessment. If the nurse proceeds
and the older adult is uncomfortable discussing elimination, then important
instructions can be missed, leading to adverse effects for the older adult.
Repeating the instructions can aggravate the older adult’s discomfort.
Instructing the older adult to repeat the nurse’s instruction ignores her
needs.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18-19
TOP: Communication and Documentation
MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
6. The nurse plans care for an older African American man who is from
Jamaica and resides in New York City. Which should the nurse include in
planning care? a. Attribute his illness to breaking a voodoo.
b. Help him improve social relationships.
c. Maintain blood pressure below 120/70 mm Hg.
4|Page
