B261 Exam 1 Questions | 2026/2027 | Answers Correct | With
Complete Solutions
voltage-gated channels are opened by
ions
chemically opened channels are opened by
neurotransmitters
agonists
mimics or imitates the natural functions
antagonist
compete with or prevent the natural function
enzyme activity
enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in
our bodies, including the metabolism of some chemicals.
- some drugs act to inhibit the action of an enzyme, thus
allowing the natural process to continue to happen
crossing plasma membranes
- the plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer with proteins and other
molecules embedded in it
- the first step in pharmacokinetics is crossing these membranes.
active transport
movement of a chemical against a concentration or
electrochemical gradient; requires energy(ATP)
,diffusion or passive transport
movement of a chemical from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
the nursing process
1. assessment
2. analysis(diagnosis)
3. planning
4. implementation
5. evaluation
important areas of teaching for patients receiving medication
- therapeutic use and outcomes
- monitoring side effects and adverse effects
- medication administration
- other monitoring and special requirements
alterations in care
- language barriers
- patient's age
- patient's cognitive(mental) abilities; to understand information
- patient's cultural beliefs or attitudes about medications and
healthcare
medication error
any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate
medication use or patient harm.
factors that contribute to medication errors
, - giving an incorrect dose, omitting an ordered dose, or giving
the wrong drug
- giving medications based on verbal orders or phone orders,
which may be misinterpreted or go undocumented
- giving medications based on an incomplete or illegible order.
- practicing under stressful work conditions
studies have correlated an increased number of errors with the
_____ level of nurses.
stress
how to reduce medication errors
1. do good assessments: ask about allergies to food or
medications, current health concerns, and use of OTC
medications and herbal supplements.
2. positively verify the identity of each patient using two means
(e.g., name and birth date).
3. minimize factors that contribute to med errors
4. eliminate potential distractions during medication
administration.
5. calculate medication doses correctly and measure liquid drugs
carefully.
6. be alert for long-acting oral dosage forms with indicators such
as LA, XL, and XR.
7. be alert for drugs whose names look alike and sound alike.
physiological changes from pregnancy: metabolism
variable; some drug levels will matabolize faster, while others
are metabolized more slowly.
Complete Solutions
voltage-gated channels are opened by
ions
chemically opened channels are opened by
neurotransmitters
agonists
mimics or imitates the natural functions
antagonist
compete with or prevent the natural function
enzyme activity
enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in
our bodies, including the metabolism of some chemicals.
- some drugs act to inhibit the action of an enzyme, thus
allowing the natural process to continue to happen
crossing plasma membranes
- the plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer with proteins and other
molecules embedded in it
- the first step in pharmacokinetics is crossing these membranes.
active transport
movement of a chemical against a concentration or
electrochemical gradient; requires energy(ATP)
,diffusion or passive transport
movement of a chemical from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
the nursing process
1. assessment
2. analysis(diagnosis)
3. planning
4. implementation
5. evaluation
important areas of teaching for patients receiving medication
- therapeutic use and outcomes
- monitoring side effects and adverse effects
- medication administration
- other monitoring and special requirements
alterations in care
- language barriers
- patient's age
- patient's cognitive(mental) abilities; to understand information
- patient's cultural beliefs or attitudes about medications and
healthcare
medication error
any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate
medication use or patient harm.
factors that contribute to medication errors
, - giving an incorrect dose, omitting an ordered dose, or giving
the wrong drug
- giving medications based on verbal orders or phone orders,
which may be misinterpreted or go undocumented
- giving medications based on an incomplete or illegible order.
- practicing under stressful work conditions
studies have correlated an increased number of errors with the
_____ level of nurses.
stress
how to reduce medication errors
1. do good assessments: ask about allergies to food or
medications, current health concerns, and use of OTC
medications and herbal supplements.
2. positively verify the identity of each patient using two means
(e.g., name and birth date).
3. minimize factors that contribute to med errors
4. eliminate potential distractions during medication
administration.
5. calculate medication doses correctly and measure liquid drugs
carefully.
6. be alert for long-acting oral dosage forms with indicators such
as LA, XL, and XR.
7. be alert for drugs whose names look alike and sound alike.
physiological changes from pregnancy: metabolism
variable; some drug levels will matabolize faster, while others
are metabolized more slowly.
