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Samenvatting Natuurwetenschappen | DNA & Celdeling | 3e graad | 2026/27

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Deze studie-aantekeningen behandelen de fundamentals van DNA, genenexpressie en celdeling voor Natuurwetenschappen in de 3e graad. Onderwerpen omvatten DNA-structuur en basenparing, genen en chromosomen, DNA-replicatie, mitose en meiose, en de mechanismen voor genetische variatie zoals crossing-over en onafhankelijke segregatie. Met duidelijke schema's, definities en stap-voor-stap uitleg is dit materiaal ideaal voor examenvoorbereiding en het consolideren van biologische kernconcepten.

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1. DNA: bouw & organisatie

1.1 Opbouw van DNA
DNA = desoxyribonucleïnezuur​
→ drager van erfelijke informatie

Nucleotide = 3 onderdelen

●​ Fosfaatgroep (P)
●​ Suiker (desoxyribose)
●​ Base (A, T, G, C)

Basenparing

●​ A–T (2 H-bruggen)
●​ G–C (3 H-bruggen)

Structuur

●​ Twee strengen → dubbele helix
●​ Strengen lopen antiparallel:​

○​ ene: 5' → 3'
○​ andere: 3' → 5'

1.2 Genen, genoom & chromosomen
Genoom = alle DNA van een organisme​
Gen = stukje DNA met info voor 1 eigenschap

Aantal chromosomen bij de mens
●​ 46 chromosomen = 23 paren​

○​ 22 paren autosomen
○​ 1 paar geslachtschromosomen:​

■​ XX (vrouw)
■​ XY (man)​


Celtypen
Celtype Aantal Voorbeeld
chromosomen

Diploïd (2n) 46 lichaamscellen

Haploïd (n) 23 eicellen, zaadcellen (voortplantingscellen)

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3e graad
School year
2
Uploaded on
October 4, 2026
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Browse related subjects

Subjects

  • dna
  • celdeling
  • mitose
  • meiose
  • dna replicatie
  • chromosomen
  • genetica
  • natuurwetenschappen
  • 3e graad
  • biologie

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