Hhp 3115 Exam 2 Updated Questions And Correct Answers

HHP 3115 EXAM 2 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
1. what are joints?
Answer:
also known as articulations, where rigid elements of the skeleton meet

Question:
2. what can artic-ulations be be-tween?
Answer:
bone to bone, bone to cartilage, and teeth in bony sockets

Question:
3. describe the function of joints.
Answer:
enables resistance to crushing, tearing, and other forces

Question:
4. what is the weak-est part of the skeleton?
Answer:
joints

Question:
5. how can joints be classified?
Answer:
by function(based on amount of movement) or structure(based on material that binds bones together
and the presence or absence of a joint cavity)

Question:
6. what are the functional clas-sifications of joints?
Answer:
synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses

Question:
7. what are synarthroses joints?
Answer:
immovable, common in the axial skeleton(ex: skull)

Question:
8. what are amphiarthroses joints?
Answer:
slightly movable, common in the axial skeleton(ex: tibia fibula joint)

Question:
9. what are diathroses joints?

, Answer:
freely movable, common in appendicular skeleton, need lubrication to avoid friction(ex: elbow, hip,
knee)

Question:
10. what are the structural clas-sifications of joints?
Answer:
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question:
11. what are fibrous joints?
Answer:
bone connected by fibrous connective tissue, have no joint cavity or synovial fluid, typically
immovable or slightly movable

Question:
12. what are carti-laginous joints?
Answer:
bones are united by cartilage and has no joint cavity, two types; synchondroses and symphyses

Question:
13. what are synchondroses joints?
Answer:
type of cartilaginous joint united by hyaline cartilage(ex: epiphyseal plate, be-tween rib and sternum)

Question:
14. what are sym-physes joints?
Answer:
type of cartilaginous joint united by fibrocartilage, resists tension and compres-sion, slightly movable
and provides strength with flexibility(ex: between vertebra, pubic symphysis)

Question:
15. what are synovial joints?
Answer:
most movable type of joint, all are diathroses joints, and have a fluid filled joint cavity

Question:
16. where does syn-ovial fluid come from?
Answer:
a filtrate of blood

Question:
17. what is the struc-ture of synovial joints?

, Answer:
has articular cartilage that absorbs compression by soaking up synovial fluid found at the ends of
opposing bones; has a joint cavity that is unique to synovial joints and holds a small amount of fluid;
has an articular capsule composed of soft tissue that completely surrounds the joint and encloses the
cavity




Question:
18. what are the two layers of an artic-ular capsule?
Answer:
fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

Question:
19. what is the fi-brous capsule?
Answer:
the external layer of the articular capsule which is continuous with the periosteum of the bone, is
made of dense irregular connective tissue, strengthens joints and gives stability

Question:
20. what is the syn-ovial membrane?
Answer:
the deeper layer of the articular capsule which is made of loose connective tissue, lines the joint
capsule and covers the internal joint surfaces, and the function is to make synovial fluid

Question:
21. what is synovial fluid?
Answer:
a viscous fluid similar to raw egg white that is a filtrate of blood and arises from capillaries in the
synovial membrane(blood vessels where we get exchange of things), contains glycoprotein molecules
that give a lubricating characteristic and are secreted by fibroblasts

Question:
22. what are re-inforcing liga-ments?
Answer:
often are thickened parts of the fibrous capsule, sometimes are extracapsular ligaments(outside the
capsule), sometimes are intracapsular ligaments(inside the capsule)

Question:
23. what is the gen-eral structure of synovial joints?