CLS 306 LAB FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What is biological waste?
Answer:
- Any body fluids (blood, serum, sputum, urine, and tissue)
Question:
2. How are proficiency testings performed in labs?
Answer:
- Unknown samples are given to the lab and is expected to be treated as a real patient specimen. The
results are recorded on a specific form and returned to the program for grading. The lab needs to
receive an overall. "acceptable" grade to maintain its accreditation, license, and operating status.
Question:
3. Who regulates the laboratories in California?
Answer:
- Federal level: CLIA, FDA (only applicable to blood bank), TJC.
- State level: CDPH laboratory field services.
- Accreditation organizations: CAP and AABB (only applicable to blood bank).
Question:
4. What is puncture susceptible?
Answer:
- Sharps waste is any instrument with a sharp end (needles, blades, etc.). These instruments are
puncture-susceptible and must be disposed of in a hard container (red sharps container).
Question:
5. What is contained in SDS (safety data sheet)?
Answer:
- A SDS contains information on physical and chemical characteristics, fire, explosion reactivity,
health hazards, primary routes of entry, exposure limits and carcinogenic potential, pre- cautions for
safe handling, spill cleanup, and emergency first aid.
Question:
6. How do you correctly document a laboratory error?
Answer:
- A written procedure is needed. An internal laboratory quality improvement form is filled out. This
form includes all information needed to identify the important details of the error.
Question:
7. What is a Levey-Jennings chart and what is it used for?
, Answer:
- Used to show any test shifts or trends. if any shift or trend is noted, it must be corrected to maintain
testing accuracy and specificity.
- Trend: gradual change in mean in one direction that may be caused by a gradual deterioration of
reagents or of instrument performance.
- Shift: Abrupt change in the mean that may be caused by a malfunction of the instrument or a new lot
number of reagents.
Question:
8. What is sensitivity?
Answer:
- The proportion of people who have a specific disease or condition and who have a positive test.
Question:
9. What is specificity?
Answer:
- The proportion of people who do not have the disease or condition and who have a negative test.
Question:
10. What is immunochromatography?
Answer:
- A combination of chromatography (separation of sample components based on differences in their
movement through a sorbent) and immunochemical reactions.
Question:
11. What is immunochromatography testing?
Answer:
- A simple device intended to detect the presence or absence of target analyte.
- Most common method is the test strip.
- Components: sample application pad, conjugate pad (labeled antibodies), substrate membrane
(capture antibody/control line), absorbent pad.
Question:
12. What are the clinical signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer:
- Early stages: transient joint stiffness and pain (usually in the small joints of the hands and feet)
- Intermediate/advance stages: Knees, hips, elbows, shoulders and cervical spine, joint pain increases,
limited motion, ongoing inflammation.
- Late stages: Joint destruction leading to deformity, permanent joint dysfunction.
Question:
13. What is a rheumatoid factor?
Answer:
- An autoimmune protein (typically IgM class immunomacroglobulin) that circulates in the blood of
RA patients.
- It behaves like an antibody against gamma globulin (the Fc portion of IgG molecules).
- Can be considered an anti-antibody that reacts against the patient's own IgG molecules.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What is biological waste?
Answer:
- Any body fluids (blood, serum, sputum, urine, and tissue)
Question:
2. How are proficiency testings performed in labs?
Answer:
- Unknown samples are given to the lab and is expected to be treated as a real patient specimen. The
results are recorded on a specific form and returned to the program for grading. The lab needs to
receive an overall. "acceptable" grade to maintain its accreditation, license, and operating status.
Question:
3. Who regulates the laboratories in California?
Answer:
- Federal level: CLIA, FDA (only applicable to blood bank), TJC.
- State level: CDPH laboratory field services.
- Accreditation organizations: CAP and AABB (only applicable to blood bank).
Question:
4. What is puncture susceptible?
Answer:
- Sharps waste is any instrument with a sharp end (needles, blades, etc.). These instruments are
puncture-susceptible and must be disposed of in a hard container (red sharps container).
Question:
5. What is contained in SDS (safety data sheet)?
Answer:
- A SDS contains information on physical and chemical characteristics, fire, explosion reactivity,
health hazards, primary routes of entry, exposure limits and carcinogenic potential, pre- cautions for
safe handling, spill cleanup, and emergency first aid.
Question:
6. How do you correctly document a laboratory error?
Answer:
- A written procedure is needed. An internal laboratory quality improvement form is filled out. This
form includes all information needed to identify the important details of the error.
Question:
7. What is a Levey-Jennings chart and what is it used for?
, Answer:
- Used to show any test shifts or trends. if any shift or trend is noted, it must be corrected to maintain
testing accuracy and specificity.
- Trend: gradual change in mean in one direction that may be caused by a gradual deterioration of
reagents or of instrument performance.
- Shift: Abrupt change in the mean that may be caused by a malfunction of the instrument or a new lot
number of reagents.
Question:
8. What is sensitivity?
Answer:
- The proportion of people who have a specific disease or condition and who have a positive test.
Question:
9. What is specificity?
Answer:
- The proportion of people who do not have the disease or condition and who have a negative test.
Question:
10. What is immunochromatography?
Answer:
- A combination of chromatography (separation of sample components based on differences in their
movement through a sorbent) and immunochemical reactions.
Question:
11. What is immunochromatography testing?
Answer:
- A simple device intended to detect the presence or absence of target analyte.
- Most common method is the test strip.
- Components: sample application pad, conjugate pad (labeled antibodies), substrate membrane
(capture antibody/control line), absorbent pad.
Question:
12. What are the clinical signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer:
- Early stages: transient joint stiffness and pain (usually in the small joints of the hands and feet)
- Intermediate/advance stages: Knees, hips, elbows, shoulders and cervical spine, joint pain increases,
limited motion, ongoing inflammation.
- Late stages: Joint destruction leading to deformity, permanent joint dysfunction.
Question:
13. What is a rheumatoid factor?
Answer:
- An autoimmune protein (typically IgM class immunomacroglobulin) that circulates in the blood of
RA patients.
- It behaves like an antibody against gamma globulin (the Fc portion of IgG molecules).
- Can be considered an anti-antibody that reacts against the patient's own IgG molecules.
