TCDHA Pharmacology II Midterm - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
What are the three classifications of psychiatric drugs Antipsychotic agents, antidepressant agents, and drugs for treatment of bipolar
based on therapeutic use? depression.
What is schizophrenia? The most common type of psychosis characterized by a loss of perception of reality.
What are affective disorders? Disorders that include depression and bipolar disorder, often related to chemical
imbalances in the brain.
What is the treatment for anxiety disorders? Minor tranquilizers, specifically benzodiazepines such as clonazepam.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)? A treatment for depression that produces faster results and is used for patients who
do not respond to antidepressants.
What should be considered when treating patients with Communication, compliance with medication, and suicide risk.
mental disorders?
What are the two generations of antipsychotic agents? First-generation (primarily dopamine antagonists) and second-generation (act on
multiple receptors).
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Agitation, hallucinations, delusions, and unwanted thoughts.
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? Apathy, social withdrawal, blunted effect, and lack of pleasure.
What is the mechanism of action for first-generation They primarily act as dopamine antagonists, blocking postsynaptic dopamine
antipsychotics? receptors.
What is a key difference between first-generation and Second-generation antipsychotics have action at more than one receptor, improving
second-generation antipsychotics? efficacy and reducing side effects.
What are some common side effects of first-generation Sedation, extrapyramidal effects, orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic
antipsychotics? effects.
What is the antipsychotic effect of first-generation agents? They slow psychomotor activity and calm emotions, suppressing hallucinations and
delusions.
What is the antiemetic effect of first-generation It results from the depression of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and can be
antipsychotics? used to treat hiccups.
What is the significance of sedation in antipsychotic The degree of sedation can influence which antipsychotic agent is prescribed, with
treatment? tolerance developing to sedation but not to the antipsychotic effect.
, TCDHA Pharmacology II Midterm - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
What is the treatment for bipolar disorder? Antidepressants and lithium.
What are psychophysiologic disorders? Disorders that have an emotional origin but manifest as physiological symptoms.
What is the role of neurotransmitters in affective disorders? Low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are often implicated in these
disorders.
What is the difference between endogenous and Endogenous depression has an internal cause, while exogenous depression is
exogenous depression? related to external events.
What is the treatment for psychoses? Antipsychotic agents.
What are some examples of anxiety disorders? Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
What is the risk associated with prescribing medication to The amount of any drug prescribed should not exceed the amount required for a
patients with a history of suicide attempts? lethal dose.
What is the effect of chronic schizophrenia treatment with It may take weeks to months to respond, and many patients require maintenance
antipsychotics? therapy.
What are the common side effects of second-generation They have fewer side effects compared to first-generation agents but may cause
antipsychotics? significant weight gain.
What is the importance of understanding pharmacologic Dental health care workers must understand the effects, adverse reactions, and
effects in dental health care? dental implications of psychiatric drugs.
What are extrapyramidal effects? Movement disorders that can occur with all first-generation antipsychotics, including
involuntary muscle movements.
What is acute dystonia? A type of extrapyramidal effect characterized by muscle spasms of the face, tongue,
neck, and back.
What symptoms are associated with Parkinsonism as an Resting tremor, rigidity, and akinesia.
extrapyramidal effect?
Define akathisia. Increased compulsive muscular activity, motor restlessness, and muscular
quivering.
What is tardive dyskinesia? Involuntary, repetitive body movements involving the tongue, lips, face, and jaw,
often irreversible.
What are the three classifications of psychiatric drugs Antipsychotic agents, antidepressant agents, and drugs for treatment of bipolar
based on therapeutic use? depression.
What is schizophrenia? The most common type of psychosis characterized by a loss of perception of reality.
What are affective disorders? Disorders that include depression and bipolar disorder, often related to chemical
imbalances in the brain.
What is the treatment for anxiety disorders? Minor tranquilizers, specifically benzodiazepines such as clonazepam.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)? A treatment for depression that produces faster results and is used for patients who
do not respond to antidepressants.
What should be considered when treating patients with Communication, compliance with medication, and suicide risk.
mental disorders?
What are the two generations of antipsychotic agents? First-generation (primarily dopamine antagonists) and second-generation (act on
multiple receptors).
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Agitation, hallucinations, delusions, and unwanted thoughts.
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? Apathy, social withdrawal, blunted effect, and lack of pleasure.
What is the mechanism of action for first-generation They primarily act as dopamine antagonists, blocking postsynaptic dopamine
antipsychotics? receptors.
What is a key difference between first-generation and Second-generation antipsychotics have action at more than one receptor, improving
second-generation antipsychotics? efficacy and reducing side effects.
What are some common side effects of first-generation Sedation, extrapyramidal effects, orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic
antipsychotics? effects.
What is the antipsychotic effect of first-generation agents? They slow psychomotor activity and calm emotions, suppressing hallucinations and
delusions.
What is the antiemetic effect of first-generation It results from the depression of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and can be
antipsychotics? used to treat hiccups.
What is the significance of sedation in antipsychotic The degree of sedation can influence which antipsychotic agent is prescribed, with
treatment? tolerance developing to sedation but not to the antipsychotic effect.
, TCDHA Pharmacology II Midterm - Exam Questions & Verified Answers
What is the treatment for bipolar disorder? Antidepressants and lithium.
What are psychophysiologic disorders? Disorders that have an emotional origin but manifest as physiological symptoms.
What is the role of neurotransmitters in affective disorders? Low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are often implicated in these
disorders.
What is the difference between endogenous and Endogenous depression has an internal cause, while exogenous depression is
exogenous depression? related to external events.
What is the treatment for psychoses? Antipsychotic agents.
What are some examples of anxiety disorders? Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
What is the risk associated with prescribing medication to The amount of any drug prescribed should not exceed the amount required for a
patients with a history of suicide attempts? lethal dose.
What is the effect of chronic schizophrenia treatment with It may take weeks to months to respond, and many patients require maintenance
antipsychotics? therapy.
What are the common side effects of second-generation They have fewer side effects compared to first-generation agents but may cause
antipsychotics? significant weight gain.
What is the importance of understanding pharmacologic Dental health care workers must understand the effects, adverse reactions, and
effects in dental health care? dental implications of psychiatric drugs.
What are extrapyramidal effects? Movement disorders that can occur with all first-generation antipsychotics, including
involuntary muscle movements.
What is acute dystonia? A type of extrapyramidal effect characterized by muscle spasms of the face, tongue,
neck, and back.
What symptoms are associated with Parkinsonism as an Resting tremor, rigidity, and akinesia.
extrapyramidal effect?
Define akathisia. Increased compulsive muscular activity, motor restlessness, and muscular
quivering.
What is tardive dyskinesia? Involuntary, repetitive body movements involving the tongue, lips, face, and jaw,
often irreversible.
